Risk Factors of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Bondowoso District, East Java
Abstract
Background: Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of the maternal death worldwide. Postpartum hemorrhage accounted 20% of all causes of maternal death in Bondowoso, East Java. This study aimed to examine the risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage.
Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study using case control design. The study was carried out at 5 community health centers, Bondowoso District, East Java, from March to May 2017. A sample of 120 study subjects were selected for this study by fixed disease sampling, consisting of 40 postpartum women with hemorrhage and 80 postpartum women without hemorrhage. The dependent variable was postpartum hemorrhage. The independent variables were family income, birth space, type of delivery, mother's middle upper arm circumference (MUAC), antenatal visit, and high-risk score card. The data were collected by a set of pre-tested questionnaire. Path analysis was employed for data analysis.
Results: Post partum bleeding was directly affected by birth space <2 years or > 10 years (b=3.03; 95% CI = 1.52 to 4.55; p< 0.001), antenatal visit ? 4 times (b=3.35; 95% CI= 1.82 to 4.87; p< 0.001), High risk score <2 (b=2.18; 95% CI= 0.92 to 3.44; p= 0.001), type of delivery (b=1.63; 95% CI= 0.39 to 2.87; p= 0.010). High-risk score card was affected by birth space <2 years or > 10 years (b=0.80; 95% CI= 0.32 to 1.57; p= 0.041), family income < Rp 1,417,000 (b=0.72; 95% CI= -0.57 to 1.49; p= 0.070), and antenatal visit ? 4 (b=0.70; 95% CI= -0.07 to 1.48; p= 0.076). MUAC was affected by family income ? Rp 1,417,000 (b=0.67; 95% CI= -0.08 to 1.44; p= 0.083). Type of delivery (assisted) was affected by high-risk score card <2 (b=1.00; 95% CI = 0.22 to 1.77; p= 0.011) and mother
References
Choe S, Min H, Cho S (2016). The Income Based Disparities In Preeclampsia And Postpartum Hemorrhage: A Study Of The Korean National Health Insurance Cohort Data From 2002 To 2013, Spinger Open Journal 5 (895).
Dinkes Provinsi Jawa Timur (2014). Profil Kesehatan provinsi Jawa Timur Tahun 2014. Jawa Timur.
Dinkes Kabupaten Bondowoso (2016). Data Perdarahan Pasca Persalinan Tahun 2014, 2015, 2016. Bondowoso
Dinkes Kabupaten Bondowoso (2016). Data Kematian Ibu Tahun 2014, 2015, 2016. Bondowoso.
Driessen M, Colle M, Tharaux, C (2011). Postpartum Hemorrhage Resulting From Uterine Atony After Vaginal Delivery: Factors Associated With Severity.
Fatkhiyah N (2015). Motivasi, Kualitas Supervisi Dan Kepatuhan Bidan Dalam Mendeteksi Preeklampsia, Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat 10 (2): 195-202.
Fransisca S (2010), Perdarahan Postpartum (Tesis), Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya.
Frass K (2014). Postpartum Hemorrhage Is Related To The Hemoglobin Levels At Labor: Observational Study, Alexandria Journal of Medicine 51: 333-337.
Friyandini F, Lestari Y, Utama B (2015) Hubungan Kejadian Perdarahan Post-partum dengan Faktor Risiko Karakteristik Ibu di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang pada Januari 2012-April 2013, Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas 4(3): 850-855.
Hazmi S (2013). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Perdarahan Post-partum Di RSUD Panembahan Senopati (Tesis). Yogyakarta.
Hidayah F (2013). Faktor-Faktor Risiko Yang Mempengaruhi Kejadian Perda-rah
Kemenkes RI (2012). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia Tahun 2012. Jakarta.
Kemenkes RI (2015). Profil Kesehatan Indonesia, Jakarta.
Khireddine I, Ray C, Dupont C, Rudigoz R, Colle, Tharaux C (2013). Induction of Labor and Risk of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Low Risk Parturients, Plos One Journal 8(1): 143-147.
Lumbantoruan M, Wandra T, dan Anita S, 2014, Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Perdarahan Post Partum Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Aceh Tamiang Tahun 2014, Jurnal Reproductive Health 1 (1): 1-5
Mariza A (2016). Hubungan Pendidikan Dan Sosial Ekonomi Dengan Kejadian Anemia Pada Ibu Hamil Di BPS T Yohan Way Halim Bandar Lampung Tahun 2015. Jurnal Kesehatan Holistik 1(1): 1-4.
Murti B (2013). Desain dan Ukuran Sampel untuk Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif di Bidang Kesehatan, Yogyakarta. Gajah Mada University Pres.
Novyriana E, Rahmadhani W, Zuhroh S (2016). Hubungan Lingkar Lengan Atas Dengan Kejadian Anemia Dalam Kehamilan, Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan 12(2): 45-48.
Rocjati P (2012). Skrining Antenatal Pada Ibu Hamil. Pusat Safe Mother Hood-Lab/SMF Obgyn RSU Dr. Sutomo, Fakultas Kedokteran UNAIR Surabaya.
Siswanto E (2011). Faktor-Faktor Penolong Persalinan (Bidan) dengan kejadian Perdarahan Paska Persalinan (Tesis), Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang.
Syafneli, Masyuni S (2010). Analisis Faktor
Tako T, Ujjiga A, Ochi E (2014) Risk Factors Associated With Postpartum Haemorrhage at Juba Teaching Hospital, South Sudan Medical Journal 7 (3): 145-148.
USAID (2011). Prevention And Treatment Of Postpartum Hemorrhage At The Community Level: A Guide For Policy Makers, Health Care Providers, Donors, Community Leaders, And Program Managers, 2nd edition, Baltimore.
Widarta G, Laksana M, Sulistyono A (2015) Deteksi Dini Risiko Ibu Hamil dengan Kartu Skor Poedji Rochjati dan Pencegahan Faktor Empat Terlambat, Jurnal Obst
