Journal of Maternal and Child Health
type: channel
description: e-ISSN: 2549-0257 Publisher: Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia Editor in Chief: Prof. Rita Benya Adriani Study Program in Nursing, School of Health Polytechnics, Ministry of Health, Surakarta Description: Journal of Maternal and Child Health (JMCH) is an electronic, open access peer-reviewed journal that publishes research articles on a broad range of topics related to maternal and child health. The journal began its publication on January, 2016, and was published four times yearly. Due to an increasing demand of research work publication, starting Volume 4 Issue 5 the JMCH is published bi-monthly, consisting of 12 articles in each issue. This journal aims to improve knowledge in maternal and child health, and ultimately the health of maternal and child population worldwide. JMCH covers a broad range of disciplines including obstetrics, gynecology, reproductive health, pediatrics, neonatology, nutrition, family planning, developmental psychology, sociology, demography, epidemiology, public health, and preventive medicine. The journal addresses such topics as social determinants of health and disease and disparities in communicable and non-communicable diseases burden affecting the health of infants, children, women, adolescents, and families across the lifespan. Diseases or health care issues affecting populations in the developing world are currently under-documented and underreported in the existing international journals. Therefore, the JMCH encourages authors from developing countries to publish their research papers in this journal. All articles are immediately and permanently free to read and download in pdf files. All of the papers published are freely available as downloadable pdf files. JMCH is currently abstracted and indexed in CABI Global Health, Google Scholar, CrossRef, SINTA, GARUDA. This journal is accredited by the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Government of Indonesia, No 85/M/KPT/2020 N…
publisher: Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
language: en
publication name: Journal of Maternal and Child Health
issn: 2549-0257
items: Determinants of Low Birth Weight at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
items: Effectiveness of Lemongrass Gel on Pain Intensity and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Adolescent Girls with Primary Dysmenorrhea
items: The Effect of Soybean Milk (Glycine Max L.) on Reducing Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels in Women of Reproductive Age
items: Gadget, Parenting Style, Work Stress, and Toddler Speech Delay:A Retrospective Analysis in Industrial Area of Bekasi
items: Stress and Maladaptive Psychological Responses as Predictors of Postpartum Depression
items: Analysis of Factors Influencing the Selection of Contraceptive Methods in Women of Reproductive Age
items: The Influence of Physical Activity on the Quality of Life of Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment
items: Family Role on the Pregnant Women’s Knowledge Toward Obstetric Danger Signs
items: Effect of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation on the Infants Birth Weight: A Meta-Analysis
items: Infant Massage and Its Effects on Maternal-Infant Bonding, Sleep Quality, and Jaundice Reduction: A Meta-Analysis
items: Socioeconomic Factor Association to Knowledge and Attitude of Indonesian Young Adults Regarding Family Planning: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study
items: Correlation between Blood Sodium and CD4 Level in Pediatrics with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
items: Path Analysis of the Relationship between Nutritional Status, Maternal Knowledge, Dietary Compliance and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
items: The Influence of Environmental Sanitation on Incidence of Stunting: A Systematic Review
items: Cancer in Pregnancy in Indonesia: A Global Review and 2022–2025 Cohort Analysis of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
items: The Influence of Maternal Factors on Caesarean Section at North Borneo Regional Hospital, Kalimantan, Indonesia
items: Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Protected Well and Measles Vaccination on Stunting in Children Under Five
items: Social Capital and Antenatal Care: A Multilevel Analysis of Uptake Among Pregnant Women in Kuningan, West Java
items: Parental Insight and Action: Exploring the Link Between Knowledge and Early Childhood Dental Caries Prevention in Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia
items: The Effect of Combination Catfish Nuggets and Omega-3 Eggs in Addressing Stunting in Toddlers

Determinants of Low Birth Weight at Dr. Moewardi Hospital, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
type: item
description: Background: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of infant and neonatal mortality in Indonesia. Data from the 2022 Nutritional Status Survey and the 2023 Indonesia Health Survey reported an increase in the prevalence of LBW from 5.9% to 6.1%. Records from Dr. Moewardi General Hospital, Indonesia, also show a rise in the number of LBW cases, from 392 cases in 2023 to 412 cases in 2024. This study examines the effects of maternal education, household income, antenatal care (ANC), anemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia, and chronic energy deficiency (CED) on the incidence of LBW at Dr. Moewardi hospital. Subjects and Method: This quantitative study employed a case–control design. The research was conducted at Dr. Moewardi hospital and included 100 infants with low birth weight and 100 infants with normal birth weight, selected using fixed-disease and random sampling methods. The dependent variable was LBW. The independent variables were maternal education, household income, ANC, anemia during pregnancy, preeclampsia, and CED. Data were collected through questionnaires and medical records, and analyzed using simple logistic regression and path analysis. Results: LBW was directly associated with maternal CED (b= 0.79; 95% CI= 0.08 to 1.51; p= 0.028), maternal anemia (b= 0.91; 95% CI= 0.17 to 1.65; p= 0.015), and preeclampsia (b= 1.45; 95% CI= 0.77 to 2.13; p < 0.001). LBW was indirectly influenced by ANC visits, family income, and maternal education. The path model demonstrated good fit indices (AIC= 1221.24; BIC= 1283.91). Conclusion: LBW directly increases with maternal CED, maternal anemia, and preeclampsia. LBW indirectly affects by ANC visit, family income, and maternal education.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: low birthweight
  topic: keywords
subject: antenatal care
  topic: keywords
subject: anemia
  topic: keywords
subject: preeclampsia
  topic: keywords
subject: chronic energy deficiency
  topic: keywords
creator: Erlangga Yusa Bachtiar
creator: Revi Gama Hata Novika
creator: Bhisma Murti
creator: Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari
creator: Setyo Sri Rahardjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-11-16
publication date: 2025-11-16
starting page: 383
ending page: 398
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.05

Effectiveness of Lemongrass Gel on Pain Intensity and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Adolescent Girls with Primary Dysmenorrhea
type: item
description: Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by increased prostaglandins, which cause excessive uterine contractions. This condition is often experienced by adolescent girls and can cause stress and increased cortisol levels. One safe and easy-to-use non-pharmacological treatment is lemongrass gel (Cymbopogon citratus), which contains essential oils such as citral and geraniol, which have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lemongrass gel on pain intensity and salivary cortisol levels in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea. Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial. The study location was State Vocational High School 11 of Semarang. Data collection was conducted from June to July 2025. The intervention group was given 2 grams of 5% lemongrass gel twice daily for 3 days, and the control group was given hot cream. The dependent variables studied were pain intensity and salivary cortisol levels, while the independent variables were lemongrass gel and analgesic cream (Hot Cream). The analysis technique used a paired sample t-test. Results: The mean pain intensity in the intervention group after being given lemongrass gel was lower (Mean= 2.55; SD= 1.15) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 8.30; SD= 1.13) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). The average salivary cortisol level in the intervention group after being given lemongrass gel was lower (Mean= 12.15; SD= 3.30) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 21.91; SD= 8.05) and was statistically significant (p=0.008). Conclusion: The application of 5% lemongrass gel was proven to be effective in reducing pain intensity and salivary cortisol levels in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea, making it a safe and practical non-pharmacological therapy alternative.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Lemongrass gel
  topic: keywords
subject: menstrual pain
  topic: keywords
subject: salivary cortisol levels
  topic: keywords
subject: female adolescent
  topic: keywords
creator: Nabila Febriana Hadibrata
creator: Sri Sumarni
creator: Lanny Sunarjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-09-16
publication date: 2025-09-16
starting page: 325
ending page: 335
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.04

The Effect of Soybean Milk (Glycine Max L.) on Reducing Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels in Women of Reproductive Age
type: item
description: Background: Women of reproductive age often experience problems with blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Therefore, researchers innovated in an effort to stabilize blood pressure and cholesterol levels in women of reproductive age by providing an intervention of soy milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soy milk administration on reducing blood pressure and cholesterol levels in women of reproductive age. Subjects and Methods: This study used a Quasi-Experimental design with Pretest-Posttest Control. The research location was the Pangaribuan Community Health Center, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency. Data collection was conducted in June 2025. The two groups consisted of an intervention group receiving 40 grams of soy milk and a control group receiving education on blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The dependent variables studied were blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and the independent variable was soy milk. The analysis techniques used were Repeated Measures ANOVA and Paired Sample T-Test. Results: The average systolic blood pressure in the intervention group after being given soy milk was lower (Mean= 133.92; SD= 10.20) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 143.82; SD= 5.48) and was statistically significant (p <0.001), the average diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group after being given soy milk was lower (Mean= 86.88; SD= 5.08) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 92.88; SD= 5.44) and was statistically significant (p <0.001), the average cholesterol level in the intervention group after being given soy milk was lower (Mean= 232.94; SD= 7.56) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 261.24; SD= 13.27) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). Conclusion: Soy milk is effective in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol levels in women of childbearing age.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: soybeans
  topic: keywords
subject: cholesterol
  topic: keywords
subject: milk
  topic: keywords
subject: blood pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: women of reproductive age
  topic: keywords
creator: Agustina Simbolon
creator: Sri Sumarni
creator: Choiroel Anwar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-09-16
publication date: 2025-09-16
starting page: 304
ending page: 314
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.05.04

Gadget, Parenting Style, Work Stress, and Toddler Speech Delay:A Retrospective Analysis in Industrial Area of Bekasi
type: item
description: Background: Speech delay affects around 20% of toddlers in Indonesia and is prevalent in industrial areas where parents face long working hours. This study aimed to analyze the relationship of screen time, parenting style, and parental work stress with speech delay in toddlers. Subjects and Method: This retrospective case-control study was conducted in Bekasi industrial area, August- September 2025. A total of 60 toddlers (13 with speech delay, 47 controls) were selected purposively. Speech delay was diagnosed using Denver II and MacArthur-Bates CDI. Inde¬pendent variables included screen time, parenting style, and work stress, measured with validated questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and logistic regression. Results: The prevalence of speech delay was 21.7%. Screen time >1 hour/day was significantly associated with a higher risk of speech delay (OR=13.61; 95% CI=3.21 to 28.94; p=0.002). High parental work stress also increased the risk (OR=10.84; 95% CI=2.13 to 21.77; p=0.013). Parenting style showed no significant association (OR=2.73; p=0.233). Qualitative analysis revealed six themes including digital parenting, alternative stimulation, interactions that limit work stress, responsive vs. permissive parenting, awareness and intervention, and socioeconomic influences. Conclusion: Excessive screen time and parental work stress are dominant risk factors for toddler speech delay in industrial families. Prevention efforts should focus on digital literacy for parents, responsive parenting, and stress management programs at community and workplace levels.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: speech delay
  topic: keywords
subject: toddler
  topic: keywords
subject: screen time
  topic: keywords
subject: parenting style
  topic: keywords
subject: work stress
  topic: keywords
creator: Anom Dwi Prakoso
creator: Ice Marini
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-11-16
publication date: 2025-11-16
starting page: 336
ending page: 345
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.01

Stress and Maladaptive Psychological Responses as Predictors of Postpartum Depression
type: item
description: Background: Unmanaged stress and maladaptive psychological responses during the postpartum period increase the risk of postpartum depression, highlighting the need for evidence-based interventions in primary health care. This study aimed to analyze the influence of stress levels and psychological adjustment difficulties as risk factors for postpartum depression among mothers in the Singaparna Primary Health Care area. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted in five villages within the Singaparna Primary Health Care. A total of 150 postpartum mothers were recruited purposively. The independent variables were stress levels and psychological adjustment. The was dependent variable was postpartum depression. Data on stress were collected usng the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Psychological adjustment was measured using the Postpartum Adjustment Questionnaire (PAQ-15). Postpartum depression was assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Reliability and construct validity were confirmed, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied to assess predictive relationships. Results: Maladaptive stress responses significantly reduced postpartum depression (β = 0.54, p= 0.002), Positive stress perception (β = 0.133, p= 0.302) and postpartum adjustment (β= 0.124, p= 0.159) were insignificantly associated. The SEM model showed acceptable fit (RMSEA= 0.06; CFI= 0.89; TLI = 0.88; SRMR= 0.07). Conclusion: Maladaptive stress responses are a key psychosocial risk factor for postpartum depression, whereas postpartum adjustment and positive stress perception show limited influence. Early screening and psychosocial interventions in primary care are essential to reduce postpartum depression and improve maternal mental health outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: postpartum depression
  topic: keywords
subject: maladaptive psychological adjustment
  topic: keywords
subject: mental health
  topic: keywords
creator: Irfa Nur Faujiah
creator: Alvin Alvani Tresna Ambari
creator: Muhamad Arif Saefudin
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-11-16
publication date: 2025-11-16
starting page: 346
ending page: 363
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.02

Analysis of Factors Influencing the Selection of Contraceptive Methods in Women of Reproductive Age
type: item
description: Background: Only 19% of women of reproductive age in Indonesia use long-term contraceptive methods, with injectable birth control being the most frequently used method at 43.5%. A comprehensive understanding of the factors that influence contraceptive selection is essential for designing effective family planning programs and improving the reproductive health of women of reproductive age. This study aims to identify the factors that affect the selection of contraceptive methods among women of reproductive age in Cikunir Village, Tasikmalaya. Subjects and Method: This study uses an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional study. This research was conducted in Cikunir Village, Tasikmalaya. Samples were taken using purposive sampling techniques, consisting of 153 women of reproductive age (15-44 years) who had more than two children and had no contraindications to birth control. The dependent variable was use of contraceptives. The independent variables were demographic, socio-economic, knowledge, attitudes, accessibility of health services, and the role of health workers. Data collection using a primary questionnaire that had been validated and tested for reliability. Data analysis using chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression Results: Knowledge (OR=15.08; 95% CI=5.11 to 44.48; p<0.001), husband's support (OR=7.94; 95% CI=2.95 to 21.35; p<0.001), high income (OR=5.50; 95% CI=1.80 to 16.74; p=0.003), and parity (OR= 3.33; 95% CI=1.20 to 9.20; p=0.020) increased the likelihood of contraceptive use. Conclusion: The factors that affect the choice of contraceptive use in women of reproductive age in Cikunir Village are knowledge, husband's support, high income, and parity.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: contraceptives
  topic: keywords
subject: women of reproductive age
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: husband support
  topic: keywords
subject: parity
  topic: keywords
creator: Anik Purwanti
creator: Ade Ifah Latifah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-11-16
publication date: 2025-11-16
starting page: 364
ending page: 376
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.03

The Influence of Physical Activity on the Quality of Life of Cervical Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy Treatment
type: item
description: Background: Cervical cancer is one of the most common types of cancer experienced by women worldwide. During treatment procedures such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, patients often face challenges in the recovery process, both physically and emotionally, which may lead to a decline in their quality of life. One of the ways to support reproductive health recovery is through physical activity, as it can improve blood circulation and help regulate hormonal balance. This study aims to analyze the effect of physical activity on the quality of life of cervical cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Subjects and Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at Dr. Soedarso Hospital, Pontianak, West Kalimantan. A total of 30 cervical cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were selected in this study. The dependent variable was quality of life. The independent variable was physical activity. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed using Spearman rho test. Results: Spearman's rho correlation analysis showed a strong and statistically significant relationship between physical activity and quality of life in cancer patients (r = 0.66; p < 0.001). These results indicate that higher levels of physical activity improve the quality of life in cervical cancer patients. Conclusion: The findings demonstrate a strong and significant relationship between physical activity and the quality of life of cervical cancer patients. This indicates that the better the physical activity performed, the better the quality of life of cervical cancer patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: physical activity
  topic: keywords
subject: cervical cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: quality of life
  topic: keywords
subject: chemotherapy
  topic: keywords
creator: Dwi Kurniasih
creator: Elisabeth Wahyu Savitri
creator: Yusta Angelina
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-11-16
publication date: 2025-11-16
starting page: 377
ending page: 382
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.05.06

Family Role on the Pregnant Women’s Knowledge Toward Obstetric Danger Signs
type: item
description: Background: Obstetric danger signs are an important indicator that pregnant women need to recognize to prevent complications and reduce maternal mortality. This study aims to analyze the determinants of knowledge about obstetric danger signs in pregnant women, with a special focus on the role of family function as measured by the family APGAR instrument. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 48 pregnant women who visited the Padang Bulan Community Health Center, Medan, during August-September 2024. The dependent variable is the level of knowledge about obstetric danger signs. Independent variables were age, education level, employment status, number of pregnancies (parity), income, and family function (APGAR score). Data collection was conducted using questionnaires on obstetric danger signs and family APGAR instruments. Data analysis included univariate, bivariate (Chi-Square), and multivariate (logistic regression) analysis. Results: The majority of subjects (72.9%) had good knowledge of obstetric danger signs. Bivariate analysis showed that education level (p=0.008) and family function (p=0.005) had a significant relationship with knowledge level, while age, employment status, parity, and income showed no significant relationship. Multivariate analysis confirmed that highly functional family function (OR= 10.47; 95% CI= 1.56 to 70.40; p =0.016) and higher education levels (OR= 6.83; 95% CI= 1.31 to 35.61; p = 0.023) were significant independent predictors for good knowledge of obstetric danger signs. Conclusion: Family function and education level are the main determinants of pregnant women's knowledge about obstetric danger signs. Maternal health education programs need to consider family involvement and pay special attention to pregnant women with low levels of education to improve understanding of obstetric danger signs, which can ultimately contribute to a decrease in maternal morbidity and mortality rates.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: obstetric danger signs
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: family function
  topic: keywords
subject: family APGAR
  topic: keywords
subject: education level
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnant women
  topic: keywords
creator: Rr. Novita Wahyu Handayani
creator: Ali Napiah Nasution
creator: Clarissa Lister
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.04.05

Effect of Iron and Folic Acid Supplementation on the Infants Birth Weight: A Meta-Analysis
type: item
description: Background: Low birth weight (LBW), defined as a birth weight of less than 2,500 grams, is associated with an increased risk of neonatal mortality and developmental disorders. Efforts to prevent and manage LBW can be made through the administration of iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy. This study aims to estimate and analyze the effect of iron and folic acid supplementation on the birth of infants with low birth weight. Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of relevant previous studies conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. The population included pregnant women, interventions involving iron and folic acid supplementation compared to no supplementation, and outcomes related to low birth weight. Article searches were conducted in the PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, published between 2013 and 2025. The search terms were ("Pregnant woman" OR "Expectant mother") AND ("Iron and folic acid supplements" OR "IFA supplements") AND ("Low Birth Weight" OR "Low-weight newborns"). Inclusion criteria included full-text articles with a cross-sectional study design and reporting adjusted odds ratio (aOR) values. Findings from the primary research articles were analyzed using Review Manager 5.3. Results: The included primary studies comprised 21 articles from China, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Malawi, and Ethiopia. The results of this meta-analysis indicate that pregnant women who consumed iron and folic acid supplements had an average 0.87 unit lower risk of giving birth to LBW infants compared to pregnant women who did not consume iron and folic acid supplements (aOR= 0.87; 95% CI = 0.75 to 1.00; p= 0.040). Conclusion: The administration of iron and folic acid supplements can reduce the incidence of low birth weight.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: low birth weight
  topic: keywords
subject: iron and folic acid supplements
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnant women
  topic: keywords
creator: Atiqoh Khoirunnisa' Maftuch
creator: Bhisma Murti
creator: Setyo Sri Rahardjo
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-09-16
publication date: 2025-09-16
starting page: 271
ending page: 287
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.05.02

Infant Massage and Its Effects on Maternal-Infant Bonding, Sleep Quality, and Jaundice Reduction: A Meta-Analysis
type: item
description: Background: Baby massage is defined as the oldest tactile therapy practiced for hundreds of years and can affect a baby's development. Baby massage is essential for the emotional bonding process of mother and child. In terms of sleep quality, massaged babies will have better sleep quality. Baby massage is also effective in lowering blood bilirubin levels in babies with jaundice. This study aims to estimate the effect size based on the results of previous similar primary studies. Subjects and Method: A meta-analysis was conducted on a number of primary studies with a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) design. The research questions were conducted in the PICO format. Population: infants aged 0-3 years, Intervention: infant massage, Comparison: no infant massage, Outcome: emotional relationship between mother and child, sleep quality, blood bilirubin level. The article search was conducted using a database of journals including PubMed, Sains direct, Google Scholar, Publish or Perish and SpringerLink Articles for the 2012-2023 period with the keywords "baby massage" or "infant massage" and "sleep quality" or "baby sleep quality" and "attachment" or " bonding" and "jaundice" or "hyperbilirubinemia" and "randomized control trial". Data analysis in this study was carried out using the Review Manager application (RevMan 5.4). Results: This meta-analysis was conducted on 20 primary studies of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), originating from Indonesia, Taiwan, Iran, Turkey, and Iceland. The total sample size is 2,043 children. The results of the meta-analysis discovered that infant massage lowered bilirubin levels (SMD = -2.07; 95% CI = -2.71 to -1.43, p<0.001). Infant massage improved sleep quality (SMD = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.44 to 1.36, p<0.001) and maternal and child emotional bonding (SMD = 9.92; 95% CI= 7.72 to 12.12, p<0.001). Conclusion: Baby massage lowers bilirubin levels. Baby massage improves the quality of sleep and the emotional relationship of mother and child.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: infant massage
  topic: keywords
subject: emotional relationship
  topic: keywords
subject: sleep quality
  topic: keywords
subject: jaundice
  topic: keywords
creator: Dwi Wahyu Setiyarini
creator: Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari
creator: Bhisma Murti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-05-16
publication date: 2025-05-16
starting page: 172
ending page: 183
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.03.05

Socioeconomic Factor Association to Knowledge and Attitude of Indonesian Young Adults Regarding Family Planning: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study
type: item
description: Background: Young adults are prone to unwanted pregnancy due to their nature of self-discovery, identity construction, poor knowledge, and low birth self-efficacy. This study aims to identify which socioeconomic factors are associated with knowledge and attitude toward family planning in Indonesian young adults. Subjects and Method: This cross-sectional, observational, multicenter research was conducted in 27 universities across Java and Sumatra using convenience sampling. Indonesian citizens aged 16–25 were recruited to complete an online questionnaire, with minimum sample size of 349 participants. The dependent variable were knowledge and attitude levels were measured using translated and validated questionnaire. The independent variable were socioeconomic factors were assessed using self-administered questionnaire. Chi-square and odds ratio were used to identify significant associations, followed by logistic regression for independent analysis. Results: From total of 581 participants, knowledge of family planning was significantly higher in females (OR= 1.50; p= 0.036), married respondents (OR= 0.20; p <0.001), those with children (OR= 2.12; p= 0.040), contraceptive users (OR= 0.49; p = 0.043), respondents from health-related backgrounds (OR= 2.82; p <0.001), and those with higher media exposure (OR= 4.29; p <0.001).Among these, respondents using contraception (OR= 0.48; p= 0.033) and with higher media exposure (OR= 1.63; p=0.017) demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward family planning. Conclusion: This study identified media exposure and access to education as key factors influencing knowledge and attitudes toward family planning. In the globalization era, media exposure has the potential to dismantle entrenched socioeconomic barriers, narrowing gaps between privileged and disadvantaged groups. These findings highlight the role of social media as an important educational tool that can bridge demographic and socioeconomic divides.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: family planning
  topic: keywords
subject: socioeconomic factors
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: young adult
  topic: keywords
creator: Fajar Setiawan
creator: Ginaung Sasti Megantari
creator: Laurentia Fidella Averina Setia Santoso
creator: Farhan Nurdiansyah
creator: Ronaa Salsabiil
creator: Hajar Azizah Armarani Mallapasi
creator: Sophie Romzia Latifi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-09-16
publication date: 2025-09-16
starting page: 255
ending page: 270
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.05.01

Correlation between Blood Sodium and CD4 Level in Pediatrics with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
type: item
description: Background: Electrolyte disorders such as hyponatremia are often found in human immuno­deficiency virus (HIV) patients. It is closely correlated with HIV morbidity and mortality. Sodium levels have also been reported to correlate with cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) in adult subjects, but it is not yet known how in children with HIV infection.This study conducted to analyze the correlation between electrolyte levels, especially sodium, and CD4 levels in children with HIV infection. Subjects and Method: Descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The subjects were 42 pediatric HIV patients aged 0-18 years who were willing to undergo sodium and CD4 level examinations. Subjects with liver cancer, liver cirrhosis and cardiovascular disease and opportu­nistic infections in HIV were excluded. Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. The dependent variables was blood sodium levels, while the independent variables was CD4 counts, and the confounding variables were age, and ARV duration use. Sodium levels were measured using the Cbs400, Jokoh ex-d and smarlyte devices while CD4 levels were measured using the BD FACSCount device by flow cytometry. The correlation between sodium and ARV duration use on CD4 levels analyzed by Pearson test, while correlation between patient’s age and CD4 levels analyzed by Spearman rank test. The multiple linear regression used to control the confounding variables. Results: The average sodium level in pediatric HIV patients at Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Regional General Hospital (Mean= 131.19; SD= 5.68 mEq/L), while the average CD4 level (Mean= 940.40; SD= 464.81 cells/μL). Pearson test showed a positive and weak correlation between sodium levels and CD4 counts (r= 0.32; p = 0.040), meaning that the higher the sodium level, the higher the CD4 count. There was a negative and very weak correlation with the duration of ARV use (r= -0.18; p= 0.254), meaning that the higher the sodium level, the lower the CD4 count. Spearman Ran…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sodium
  topic: keywords
subject: CD4
  topic: keywords
subject: HIV
  topic: keywords
creator: Shahdan Taufik Maulana
creator: Husnia Auliyatul Umma
creator: Hari Wahyu Nugroho
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
starting page: 224
ending page: 232
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.04.04

Path Analysis of the Relationship between Nutritional Status, Maternal Knowledge, Dietary Compliance and Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
type: item
description: Background: Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most common type of blood cancer in children. Treatment for ALL may affect the patient's quality of life. Factors such as nutritional status, maternal knowledge of nutrition, and dietary compliance play a role in determining the quality of life of children with ALL. This study aims to analyze the relationship between nutritional status, maternal knowledge, and dietary compliance with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with ALL. Subjects and Method: This study used a cross-sectional design with a sample of 52 children with ALL at the Pediatric Hematology Clinic of Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Hospital in October-November 2024. The independent variables were nutritional status, maternal knowledge, and dietary compliance, while the dependent variable was HRQoL. Data were collected using anthropometric instruments and questionnaires, then analyzed with single logistic regression and path analysis. Results: Single logistic regression analysis showed that nutritional status (OR= 4.60; 95% CI= 1.311 to 16.139; p = 0.017) and dietary compliance (OR= 4.82; 95% CI= 1.39 to 16.78; p= 0.013) were significantly associated with HRQoL. Maternal knowledge had no significant effect (OR= 1.88; 95% CI = 0.35 to 10.18; p = 0.467). Path analysis showed that nutritional status, dietary compliance, and body mass index had a direct positive association with the child's quality of life. The path analysis model showed a good fit with the data (goodness of fit p = 0.594). Conclusion: Nutritional status and dietary compliance are major factors in improving the quality of life of children with ALL. Although maternal knowledge does not have a direct effect, the mother's role remains important through improving the child's dietary compliance. Multidisciplinary interventions that integrate nutrition education and family support are needed to enhance HRQoL in pediatric patients with ALL.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: acute lymphoblastic leukemia
  topic: keywords
subject: cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: nutritional status
  topic: keywords
subject: quality of life
  topic: keywords
creator: Arini Tri Lestari
creator: Yulia Lanti Retno Dewi
creator: Harsono Salimo
creator: Nur Hafidha Hikmayani
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-05-16
publication date: 2025-05-16
starting page: 163
ending page: 171
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.03.04

The Influence of Environmental Sanitation on Incidence of Stunting: A Systematic Review
type: item
description: Background: Stunting is a chronic health problem that has long-term impacts on child growth and development, especially in developing countries. Poor environmental sanitation is believed to be one of the main risk factors; however, this needs to be further examined based on empirical study findings. This study aims to analyze this issue systematically. Subjects and Method: This is a systematic review using the PRISMA Flow Diagram. The PICO framework includes: Population (P): Children under five years of age; Intervention (I): Poor environmental sanitation; Comparison (C): Adequate environmental sanitation; Outcome (O): Stunting. Articles were retrieved from databases including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Keywords used were “hygiene AND sanitation AND stunting AND under five AND cross-sectional.” The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal tool. Results: A total of 9 articles from four studies were conducted in Asia, all of which from Indonesia, and five studies were conducted in Africa, all of which from the Ethiopia, indicated that access to proper sanitation, clean water, as well as appropriate feces disposal and handwashing practices, are strongly associated with a reduction in stunting incidence. The risk of stunting increases among children living in environments with unimproved latrines, untreated drinking water, and poor hygiene practices. Additional factors such as the child’s age, mother’s education level, and socioeconomic status also influence stunting outcomes. Conclusion: Inadequate environmental sanitation plays a significant role in the occurrence of stunting. Preventive interventions should prioritize improving sanitation access, promoting hygiene behavior education, and implementing cross-sectoral approaches to sustainably reduce stunting prevalence.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: environment
  topic: keywords
subject: sanitation
  topic: keywords
subject: stunting
  topic: keywords
subject: systematic review
  topic: keywords
creator: Sunik Cahyawati
creator: Eka Riana
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-05-16
publication date: 2025-05-16
starting page: 153
ending page: 162
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.03.03

Cancer in Pregnancy in Indonesia: A Global Review and 2022–2025 Cohort Analysis of Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes
type: item
description: Background: Cancer during pregnancy is rare but presents serious challenges, especially in low- and middle-income countries like Indonesia. Limited national data, delayed diagnosis, and lack of standardized care make management difficult. Global awareness is growing, but regional differences in outcomes remain poorly understood. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of cancer during pregnancy, including its clinical characteristics and maternal-fetal outcomes both in Indonesian and global data. Subjects and Method: This systematic review was conducted following PRISMA guidelines from databases of PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and additional search, published between 2022 and April 2025. The included studies reported the global depiction of pregnancy-associated cancer. Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of observational included studies, while the Joanna Briggs Institute checklists for assessment of case reports. Results: A total of 14 studies were included based on the criteria, with a total population of 29,403 pregnant women associated with cancer. From this systematic review, the most found cancers during pregnancy were breast cancer, cervical cancer, and ovarian cancer, both from Indonesian data and global studies. Compared to global studies, obstetric complications were more prevalent in Indonesia, including preterm birth (64% vs 52%, respectively); very preterm birth (22% vs 15%, respectively); caesarean delivery (76% vs 65%, respectively); preeclampsia (18% vs 12%, respecti­vely); and postpartum haemorrhage (15% vs 10%, respectively). Conclusion: The global literature shows wide variation in cancer types, gestational timing, and outcomes. Indonesian cohort data show higher rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, and maternal complications compared to global averages. Delays in diagnosis and limited access to integrated cancer-obstetric care may explain these differences. The findings support the urgent nee…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: maternal outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: neonatal outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: pregnancy
  topic: keywords
creator: Elita Rahmi
creator: Muhammad Adrianes Bachnas
creator: Sri Sulistyowati
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-09-16
publication date: 2025-09-16
starting page: 288
ending page: 303
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.05.03

The Influence of Maternal Factors on Caesarean Section at North Borneo Regional Hospital, Kalimantan, Indonesia
type: item
description: Background: In this modern era, caesarean section (C-section) is sometimes an alternative choice for the desired childbirth. However, it should be understood that Caesarean section is a surgical procedure that must be performed based on medical indications and has risks. Knowing what factors can influence the selection of C-section procedures is important so that the SC is properly carried out on an emergency indication. This study aimed to analyze the factors that affect the delivery of caesarean section at the Tarakan General Hospital, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Tarakan General Hospital, North Kalimantan, Indonesia, in April 2024. The sample size was 748 post natal women. The dependent variable was type of birth delivery. The independent variables were cephalopelvic disproportion, preeclampsia, prolonged labor, premature rupture of membranes, maternal age, and parity. Data were obtained from medical records and analyzed using a multiple logistic regression. Results: Premature rupture of membranes (aOR= 7.7; 95% CI= 6.99 to 8.02; p= 0.001) and prolonged labor (aOR= 1.9; 95% CI= 1.21 to 3.6; p= 0.029) increased the likelihood of cesarean section. Conclusion: Premature rupture of membranes and prolonged labor increase the likelihood of cesarean section.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: sectio caesarean
  topic: keywords
subject: parity
  topic: keywords
subject: premature rupture membrane
  topic: keywords
creator: Rahmi Padlillah
creator: Ika Yulianti
creator: Nur Linda
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-07-16
publication date: 2025-07-16
starting page: 245
ending page: 254
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.04.06

Meta-Analysis of the Effect of Protected Well and Measles Vaccination on Stunting in Children Under Five
type: item
description: Background: Stunting is a condition where children's growth fails (body and brain growth) due to malnutrition for a long time. The incidence of stunting in toddlers needs special attention because it can hinder children's physical and mental development. This study aims to analyze and estimate the effect of protected wells and the measles vaccine on the incidence of stunting in children under five, with a meta-analysis based on primary studies conducted previously. Subjects and Method: Meta-analysis was carried out in PICO format. Population: Children under five. Intervention: Protected Wells and Measles vaccine status. Comparison: Unprotected Well and Status not vaccinated against measles. Outcome: Stunting incidence. Article searches were carried out using several databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Springerlink. The keywords used are "Protected well" AND Measles vaccine" AND "Stunting in toddlers". Inclusion criteria for the included articles were full-text articles with a cross-sectional design from 2015 to 2023. This study was conducted following PRISMA flow diagram guidelines. Data was analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application. Results: 12 cross-sectional studies from Asia and Africa were selected for meta-analysis. the total sample was 48,128 toddlers. Protected well (aOR= 0.86; 95% CI= 0.75 to 1.00; p= 0.040) and measles vaccine (aOR= 0.59; 95% CI= 0.27 to 1.29; p= 0.190) reduce the risk of stunting in children under five. Conclusion: Protected wells and administering the measles vaccine reduce the incidence of stunting in toddlers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: protected wells
  topic: keywords
subject: measles vaccine
  topic: keywords
subject: stunting
  topic: keywords
subject: toddlers
  topic: keywords
creator: Edi Pramono
creator: Bhisma Murti
creator: Hanung Prasetya
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2024-11-16
publication date: 2024-11-16
starting page: 883
ending page: 893
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2024.09.06.03

Social Capital and Antenatal Care: A Multilevel Analysis of Uptake Among Pregnant Women in Kuningan, West Java
type: item
description: Background: Antenatal care (ANC) services are activities and or a series of activities that are carried out from the occurrence of the conception period until before the start of the comprehensive and quality delivery process provided to all pregnant women. This study aims to analyze the relation­ship between education, family income, social capital of pregnant women, and posyandu strata with the use of ANC in posyandu. Subjects and Method: The study is an observational study using a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted in Kuningan Regency, West Java with a population of all pregnant women, from May to June 2024. A sample of 201 pregnant women >6 months was randomly selected. The dependent variable is the use of ANC in posyandu. The independent variables in this study were maternal education, family income, social capital and posyandu strata. Data collection was carried out by interviews with respondents and assisted by questionnaires and analyzed by square test and multilevel multiple logistic regression model. Results: ANC visit among pregnant women in posyandu increased with high maternal education (OR= 2.78; 95% CI= 1.25 to 6.18; p= 0.012), high family income (OR= 2.19; 95% CI= 1.05 to 4.57; p= 0.036) and strong social capital (OR = 4.43; 95% CI = 2.22 to 8.86; p <0.001). Multi­level analysis showed a strong contextual influence of posyandu (ICC 18.6%; p = 0.008). Conclusion: The use of ANC for pregnant women in posyandu increased with high maternal edu­ca­tion, high family income and strong social capital. Multilevel analysis shows strong contextual influ­ence of posyandu.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: social capital
  topic: keywords
subject: antenatal care
  topic: keywords
subject: integrated health post
  topic: keywords
creator: Sultonnur Rosid
creator: Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari
creator: Bhisma Murti
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-03-16
publication date: 2025-03-16
starting page: 95
ending page: 101
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.01.02.04

Parental Insight and Action: Exploring the Link Between Knowledge and Early Childhood Dental Caries Prevention in Sukoharjo, Central Java, Indonesia
type: item
description: Background: The most common case of dental and oral diseases suffered by early childhood is dental caries, dental caries can be prevented, one of which is by modifying the thoughts, lifestyle, and daily habits of the parents. One of the models that can be used to change dental caries prevention behavior is by using the Health Belief Model (HBM). The purpose of this study is to identify factors such as vulnerability perception, seriousness perception, benefit perception, obstacle perception, motivation to act and parental self-efficacy towards dental caries prevention behavior in early childhood in Sukoharjo Regency. Subject and Method: This study was conducted using a quantitative approach with an analytical observational research method with a cross-sectional research design. The sample amounted to 111 parents from children aged 6 to 8 years in Weru District, Sukoharjo Regency with the Multistage Cluster Random Sampling technique. This study uses primary data sources with data collection techniques through questionnaires and then multivariate analysis with multiple linear regression methods. The content of the questionnaire includes behavior to prevent dental caries in children based on parental perception and parental knowledge about dental caries prevention based on the Health Belief Model (HBM) construct. Results: There was a positive association of vulnerability perception (b=0.16; CI 95%= 0.01 to 0.17; p=0.024), perception of seriousness (b=0.16; CI 95%= 0.01 to 0.19; p=0.050), perception of benefits (b=0.173; CI 95%= 0.005 to 0.21; p=0.040), action signal (b=0.21; CI 95%= 0.01 to 0.27; p=0.036), and self-efficacy (b=0.19; CI 95%= 0.01 to 0.21; p=0.037) on the behavior of preventing dental caries in children, and there was a negative relationship between the perception of obstacles (b=0.15; CI 95%= 0.01 to 0.13; p=0.047) on the behavior of preventing dental caries in children. Conclusion: Perception of vulnerability, perception of seriousness, perception of be…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Health Belief Model
  topic: keywords
subject: dental caries
  topic: keywords
subject: parental knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: , caries prevention behavior
  topic: keywords
creator: Gusti Fathoni Firmansyah
creator: Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari
creator: Vitri Widyaningsih
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 50
ending page: 58
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.01.01.06

The Effect of Combination Catfish Nuggets and Omega-3 Eggs in Addressing Stunting in Toddlers
type: item
description: Background: Stunting is still a scourge for Indonesia society, the incidence of which has not been reduce to date. Accelerating the reduction in stunting rates is still a priority for the Indonesian government in order to immediately achieve the reduction according to the expected target. Good and healthy nutritional conditions during infancy (under five years of age) are an important foundation for their health and well-being in the future. This study aimed to determine the effect of combination of catfish nuggets and omega-3 eggs in overcoming stunting in toddlers. Subjects and Method: Method of this study used true experimental with a two group pretest post-test control group design. The total samples of 30 toddlers was divided into 2 groups of 15 respondents each group, it was the intervention group which was given combination of catfish nuggets and Omega-3 Eggs and the control group which was not given it during 2 weeks. Technique sampling was cluster random sampling. The instrument used lenghtboard for height and observation form for combination of catfish nuggets and Omega-3 Eggs. Data analysis used Wilcoxon test. Results: The mean of height for toddlers increased after given combination of catfish nuggets and Omega-3 Eggs (Mean =-2.17; SD= 0.97) compared to before intervention (Mean= -2.52; SD= 0.87), and the results were statistically significant (p<0.001) Conclusion: Combination of catfish nuggets and Omega-3 Eggs effective is increase the height for toddlers.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: combination of catfish nuggets
  topic: keywords
subject: omega-3 eggs
  topic: keywords
subject: stunting
  topic: keywords
subject: toddlers
  topic: keywords
creator: Rini Sartika
creator: Nurry Ayuningtyas Kusumastuti
creator: Lastri Mei Winarni
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Maternal and Child Health
date: 2025-01-16
publication date: 2025-01-16
starting page: 42
ending page: 49
doi: 10.26911/thejmch.2025.01.01.05