Contextual Effect of Preschool on the Development of Children Under Five in Surabaya, East Java
Abstract
Background:The development of children in the first 1000 days is influential in the long term. Therefore, it requires education at an early age to achieve optimal development. This study aimed to analyze the contextual effect of early childhood education on the development of children under five at Surabaya.
Subjects and Method:This was a cross-sectional study conducted 25 preschools in Wonokromo, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. The study population was all children aged 2-5 years. A sample of 200 children aged 2-5 years from 25 preschools was selected randomly. The dependent variable was child development. The independent variables were the history of infectious disease, exclusive breastfeeding, number of children, maternal education, maternal occupation, family income, nutritional status, mother tongue, birth weight, and preschool level. The data were analyzed using a multilevel multiple logistic regression run on STATA 13.
Results:
References
Black MM, Walker SP, Fernald LC, Andersen CT, DiGirolamo AM,
Lu C, McCoy DC, et al. (2017). Early childhood development coming of age:
science through the life course. The Lancet, 389(10064): 77-90.
http://doi.org/10.1016/S01406736(16)31389-7.
Boucher O, Julvez J, Guxens M, Arranz E, Ibarluzea J,
S
and cognitive development, autistic traits and ADHD symptoms: A multicenter
study in Spain. Pediatr Res. 81(3): 434
https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2016.238. Retrieved from 14/04/20.
Blumenfeld A, Jos
Sandra G, Macario, Graciela S (2018). Language development delay in
-month-old children at a health care center of the City of Buenos Aires. Arch
Argent Pediatr. 116(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.5546/aap.2018.eng.242.
Ceka A, Murati R (2016). The role of parents in the
education of children. JEP. 7(5): 61-64. Retrieved from
https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1092391.
Cui Y, Liu H, Zhao L (2019). Mother's education and child
development: evidence from the compulsory school reform in china. J Comp Econ,
(3): 669-692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jce.2019.04.001.
Cyr D (2016). Nutrition and Child Development. Human
Services Capstones. Paper 6. Retrieved from
https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/9f81/f1fd85d6621350b8c5692ddb4cbdf7db83b9.pdf.
Dinkes Jawa Timur (2018). Hasil Utama Riset Kesehatan Dasar
Jawa Timur 2018. Jakarta: Badan Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Kesehatan,
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
Farooq MU, Rafique MZ, Shah MAR (2019). The effects of
mother education and intervening mechanisms on rural-urban child stunting:
evidence from Pakistan. Revista Pan-Amaz
5123/S2176-6223201900044.
Fernald LC, Prado E, Kariger P, Raikes A (2017). A toolkit
for measuring early childhood development in low and middle-income countries.
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development. Retrieved from
http://repositorio.minedu.gob.pe/handle/MINEDU/5723.
Grace T, Oddy W, Bulsara M, Hands B (2017). Breastfeeding
and motor development: a longitudinal cohort study. Hum Mov Sci. 51: 9-16.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humov.2016.10.001.
Handayani DS, Sulastri A, Mariha T, Nurhaeni N (2017).
Penyimpangan tumbuh kembang anak dengan orang tua bekerja. Jurnal Keperawatan
Indonesia, 20(1): 48-55. http://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v20i1.439.
Hardilla DS, Salimo H, Pamungkasari EP (2020). Do early
childhood schools have a contextual effect on child development aged 3-6 years
in Tanjung Jabung Timur, Jambi?. J Matern Child Health, 5(2): 120-128.
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2020.05.02.01.
Heymann J, Sprague AR, Nandi A, Earle A, Batra P,
Schickedanz A, Chung PJ, Raub A (2017). Paid parental leave and family
wellbeing in the sustainable development era. Public Health Rev, 38(1): 21.
Doi: 10.1186/s40985-017-0067-2.
Horta BL, Loret de Mola C, Victora CG (2015a). Longterm
consequences of breastfeeding on cholesterol, obesity, systolic blood pressure
and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Paediatr Int J
Paediatr. Supplementum 104(467): 30
Horta BL, Loret de Mola C, Victora CG. (2015b).
Breastfeeding and intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta
Paediatr Int J Paediatr. Supplementum 104 (467): 14
Indriyani E, Dewi YLR, Salimo H (2018). Biopsychosocial
determinants of stunting in children under five: a path analysis evidence from
the border area West Kalimantan. J Matern Child Health. 3(2):146-155.
http://doi.org/1026911.thejmch.2018.03.02.17.
Jensen SK, Tofail F, Haque R, Petri Jr WA, Nelson III C A
(2019). Child development in the context of biological and psychosocial hazards
among poor families in bangladesh. PloS one, 14(5).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0215304.
Jeong J, McCoy DC, Fink G (2017). Pathways between paternal
and maternal education, caregivers
development in 44 low-and middle-income countries. Early Child Res Q, 41:
-148. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2017.07.001.
Keats A (2018). Women's schooling, fertility, and child
health outcomes: evidence from uganda's free primary education program. Journal
of Development Economics, 135: 142-159. DOI: 10.1016/j.jdeveco.2018.07.002.
Khalil IAM, Troeger C, Rao P, Forouzanfar M, Columbara D,
Misra K, Mokdad A (2016). Assessing the nonfatal burden of childhood diarrhea
including malnutrition, physical growth, and cognitive development. In open
forum infectious diseases 3(1220). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/-ofid/ofw172.923.
Kusumasari RA, Tamtomo D, Dewi YLR (2016). The relationship
between parental socio-economic status, birthweight and development in children
aged 1-5 years in Surakarta. J Matern Child Health. 1(13):195-199. http://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2016.01.03.07.
Kr
middle-income countries-evaluation of three micronutrient interventions
(Doctoral dissertation, Georg-August-Universit
https://d-nb.info/1136785-191/34.
Lambregts-Rommelse N, Hebebrand J (2017). Editorial focused
issue the role of nutrition in child and adolescent onset mental disorders. Eur
Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 26: 1007
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-017-1041-8.
Listyaningsih U, Sumini S (2015). Jumlah anak ideal menurut
remaja di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Populasi. 23(2): 38-54.
https://doi.org/10.22146/jp.15694.
Lucas TRG, George MW (2017). Are there individual and
sibling differences in appraisals of interparental conflict?. J Fam Psychol.
(7): 933. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/fam0000326.
Lolita, Dewi YLR, Murti B (2019). Multilevel analysis on the
contextual effect of the integrated health post activity on development of
children under five in Kubu Raya West Kalimantan. J Matern Child Health. 4(4):
-229. http://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2019.04.04.01.
Mokomane M, Kasvosve I, Melo ED, Pernica JM, Goldfarb DM
(2018). The global problem of childhood diarrhoeal diseases: emerging
strategies in prevention and management. Ther Adv Infectious Dis. 5(1): 29-43.
https://doi.org/10.1177/2049936117744429.
Onis, MD (2017). Nutrition and Health in a Developing World.
Nutr Health. Https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43-739-2.
O
intervention mapping for child development and wellbeing programs in early
childhood education and care settings. Eval Program Plann. 68: 57-63.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2018.02.01.
Pace A, Luo R, Hirsh-Pasek K, Golinkoff R M (2017).
Identifying pathways between socioeconomic status and language development.
Annu Rev Linguist. 3: 285-308.
https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-linguistics-011516-034226.
Pinkerton R, Reinaldo B Ori
Rowagski, M
predicts cognitive delays in later childhood independently of malnutrition. Am.
J. Trop. Med. Hyg, 95(5). http://doi.10.4269/ajtmh.16-0150.
Piper JD, Chandna J, Allen E, Linkman K, Cumming O, Prendergast
AJ, Gladstone MJ (2017). Water, sanitation and hygiene (wash) interventions:
effects on child development in low?and middle?income countries. Cochrane
Database Syst Rev. (3). http://doi.org/ 10.1002/14651858.CD012613.
P
Impact of the baby-friendly hospital initiative on breastfeeding and child
health outcomes: a systematic review. Matern Child Nutr. 12(3): 402-417.
https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12294.
Profil Kesehatan Anak (2018). Profil Anak Indonesia.
Jakarta: Kementerian Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak.
Rao N, Richards B, Sun J, Weber A, Sincovich A (2019). Early
childhood education and child development in four countries in East Asia and
the pacific. Early Child Res Q, 47: 169-181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.08.011.
Sang SA, Nelson JA (2017). The effect of siblings on
children's social skills and perspective taking. Infant Child Dev, 26(6): 2023.
https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.2023.
Slemming W, Kagura J, Saloojee H, Richter LM (2017). Early
life risk exposure and stunting in urban South African 2-year old children. J
Dev Orig Health Dis, 8(3): 301-310. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2040174417000034.
Stelmach I, Kwarta P, Jerzy?ska J, Stelmach W, Krakowiak J,
Karbownik M, Podlecka D, et al (2019). Duration of breastfeeding and
psychomotor development in 1-year-old children-polish mother and child cohort
study. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 32(2):175
https://doi.org/10.13075/ijomeh.1896.01328.
Steenbakkers A, Van Der Steen S, Grietens H (2018). The
needs of foster children and how to satisfy them: A systematic review of the
literature. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev, 21(1): 1
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-017-0246-1.
Suryana, Fitri Y, Fajri K, Rahmad (2019). Pengaruh riwayat
pemberian asi dan mp-asi terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak (usia 12-24
bulan) di Kecamatan Kuta Alam Kota Banda Aceh. SEL Jurnal Penelitian Kesehatan.
(1). 25-34. https://doi.org/10.22435/sel.v6i1.1723.
Ulfah E, Rahayuningsih, Herman H, Susiarno H, Gurnida,
Gamayani U, Sukandar H (2018). Asuhan nutrisi dan stimulasi dengan status
pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita usia 12
Communication. 6(1): 12
Urke HB, Contreras M, Matanda D J. (2018). The influence of
maternal and household resources, and parental psychosocial child stimulation
on early childhood development: a cross-sectional study of children 36
months in Honduras. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 15(5): 926.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15050926.
Victora CG, Bahl R, Barros AJ, Fran
J, Murch S, Sankar MJ, Walker N, Rollins NC, Group TLB S (2016). Breastfeeding
in the 21st century: epidemiology, mechanisms, and lifelong effect. The Lancet,
(10017): 475-490. https://doi.org/10.1016/S01406736(15)01024-7. Retrieved
from 11/04/20.
Vikram K, Chen F, Desai S (2018). Mothers' work patterns and
Children's cognitive achievement: Evidence from the India Human Development
survey. Soc Sci Res, 72: 207-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2018.02.003.
Wati DE (2017). Pengetahuan Guru PAUD Tentang KPSP
(Kuesioner Pra Skri-ning Perkembangan) sebagai Alat Deteksi Tumbuh Kembang
Anak. Jurnal VARIDIKA, 28(2): 133
https://doi.org/10.23917/varidika.v28i2.3028.
Wijayanti A, Wekadiguna CSP, Murti B (2018). The effect of
parenting style, billingual school, social environment, on speech and language
development in preschool children in Surakarta, Central Java. J Matern Child
Health. 3(3). https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2018.03.03.03.
Yadika ADN, Berawi KN, Nasution SH (2019). Pengaruh stunting
terhadap perkembangan kognitif dan prestasi belacuijar. Jurnal Majority, 8(2):
-282.