Proportion of Birth Asphyxia and Its Associated Factors among Newborns Delivered in Public Hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.06.06Abstract
Background: Birth asphyxia is a serious clinical problem that causes neonatal mortality and morbidity worldwide, Even though Ethiopia has made significant progress in lowering the under-five mortality rate, the neonatal mortality burden has not decreased significantly, which may be due to birth asphyxia. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to address this gap by assessing the prevalence of neonatal asphyxia and its associated factors among newborns in Addis Ababa public hospitals, Ethiopia.
Subjects and Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 683 live newborns born at Addis Ababa public hospitals. Data were gathered through structured face-to-face interviews, questionnaire administration, and a systematic random sampling technique with proportional allocation. For statistical analysis, data were entered into Epi-data version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 26. All variables with p-value ≤ 0.2 were taken into the multivariable model. A statistical significant level was declared at 95% CI and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) at a p <0.05.
Results: The prevalence of birth asphyxia was 72 (10.6%) with a 95 % CI of (8.3 to 13.0). According to this study, birth asphyxia was significantly associated with the odds of newborns whose mothers were not educated (AOR= 8.09; 95 % CI= 1.63 to 40.19; p= 0.011), prolonged labor (AOR= 3.52; 95 % CI= 1.47 to 8.43; p= 0.005), ante-partum hemorrhage (AOR= 5.36, 95 % CI= 1.69 to 16.99; p= 0.004), preeclampsia (AOR= 5.09, 95 % CI= 2.09 to 12.47; p <0.001).
Conclusion: Birth asphyxia was found in 10.6 % of neonates. Birth asphyxia was significantly predicted by the mother's educational level, complicated labor, and low birth weight.
Keywords: proportion, Birth asphyxia, Newborns, Addis Ababa.
Correspondence: Yohannes Godie. Debre Markos University, Ethiopia, Email: yohannesguadie@gmail.com, Mobile: +25192857735.
References
Ajao AE and Adeoye IA (2019). Prevalence, risk factors and outcome of congenital anomalies among neonatal admissions, Nigeria. BMC Pediatrics 19: 88-89.
Antonucc R, Porcella A, Pilloni MD (2014). Perinatal asphyxia in the term newborn. Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Individualized Medicine (JPNIM). 3(2), e030269. https://doi.org/10.7363/030269
Alemu A, Melaku G, Abera GB, Damte A (2019). Prevalence and associated factors of perinatal asphyxia among newborns in Dilla University referral hospital, Southern Ethiopia, 2017. Pediatric Health Med Ther. 10:69-74. doi: 10.2147/PHMT.S196265
Asifere NA, Yesuf A (2018) Neonatal asphyxia and associated factors among neonates on labour ward at Debre Tabor Town, South Gonder, North Centeral Ethiopia. Pregnancy & Child Birth 6: 208-212.
Federal Minster of Health (FMOH), (2014) neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) nurses training participants manual.
Gebregziabher GT, Hadgu FB, Abebe HT (2020). Prevalence and associated factors of perinatal asphyxia in neonates admitted to ayder comprehensive specialized hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Pediatr. 2020 Feb 14;2020:4367248. doi: 10.1155/2020/4367248.
Gudayu TW (2017). Proportion and factors associated with low fifth minute Apgar score among singleton newborn babies in Gondar University referral hospital; North West Ethiopia. Afr Health Sci. 17(1):1-6. doi: 10.4314/ahs.v17i1.2.
Haider AB, Bhutta ZA (2006). Birth asphyxia in developing countries: current status and public health implications. Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 36(5):178-88. doi: 10.1016/j.cppeds.2005.11.002. PMID: 16631096.
Halloran DR, McClure E, Chakraborty H, Chomba E, Wright LL, Carlo WA (2009). Birth asphyxia survivors in a developing country. J Perinatol. 29(3): 243-9. doi: 10.1038/jp.2008.192. Epub 2008 Nov 27.
Ibrahim N, Muhye A, Abdulie S (2017). Prevalence-of-birth-asphyxia-and-associated-factors-among neonates in dire-dawa eastern, ethiopia. Clinics in Mother and Child Health 14: 279.
Kibai EK (2017). Perinatal factors associated with birth asphyxia among neonates in maternity ward kakamega county refferal hospital, kenya. School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedical Sciences 11: 50-54.
Kiyani NA, Khushdil A, Ehsan A (2014). Perinatal Factors leading to birth as-phyxia among term newborns in a tertiary care hospital. Iran J Pediatr. 2014 Oct;24(5):637-42. Epub 2014 Sep 12.
Kumar S, Paterson-Brown S (2010). Obs-tetric aspects of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy. Early Hum Dev. 86(6): 339-44. doi: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2010.05.009.
Lee AC, Mullany LC, Tielsch JM, Katz J, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Adhikari RK, et al. (2008). Risk factors for neonatal mortality due to birth asphyxia in southern Nepal: a prospective, community-based cohort study. Pediatrics. 121 (5):e1381-90. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-1966.
Mukhtar-Yola M, Audu LI, Olaniyan O, Akinbi HT, Dawodu A, Donovan EF (2018). Decreasing birth asphyxia: utility of statistical process control in a low-resource setting. BMJ Open Qual 7: e000231.
Thornberg E, Thiringer K, Odeback A, Mil-som I (1995). Birth asphyxia: incidence, clinical course and outcome in a Swedish population. Acta Paediatr. 84 (8):927-32. doi: 10.1111/j.1651-2227.1995.tb13794.x.
Sendeku FW, Azeze GG, Fenta SL. Perinatal asphyxia and its associated factors in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr. 2020 Mar 24;20(1):135. doi: 10.1186/s12887020020393.
Schmiegelow C, Minja D, Oesterholt M, Pehrson C, Suhrs HE, Boström S, Lemnge M, et al. (2012). Factors associated with and causes of perinatal mortality in northeastern Tanzania. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 91(9): 1061-8. doi: 10.1111/j.16000412.2012.01478.x.
Tasew H, Zemicheal M, Teklay G, Mariye T, Ayele E. Risk factors of birth asphyxia among newborns in public hospitals of Central Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia 2018. BMC Res Notes. 11(1):496. doi: 10.1186/s1310401836113.
Wayessa Z, Belachew T, Joseph J (2018) Birth asphyxia and associated factors among newborns delivered in Jimma zone public hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia. Journal Management System 6: 1289-1295.
Wosenu L, Worku AG, Teshome DF, Gelagay AA. Determinants of birth asphyxia among live birth newborns in University of Gondar referral hospital, northwest Ethiopia: A case-control study. PLoS One. 13(9):e0203763. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0203763.
World Population projections (2019). Ethiopia Demographics Profile. CIA World.
World Health Orgunization (2012). Newborn Care Manual Contents. Perinatal education program 16.
