Associations between Unplanned Pregnancy, Low Social Support, Domestic Violence, and Intrapartum Complication, with Postpartum Depression: Meta Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2024.09.02.05Abstract
Background: The postpartum period is a period where the risk of depression and other mental disorders generally increases due to the physiological and psychosocial changes that occur. The aim of this study was to measure the relationship using the meta-analysis method of unplanned pregnancy, poor social support, domestic violence, complications during childbirth with the incidence of postpartum depression..
Subjects and Method: This research is a systematic review and meta-analysis. Article searches were carried out using PICO. Population: Postpartum women. Interventions: unplanned pregnancy, poor social support, domestic violence, and complications during childbirth. Comparison: planned pregnancy, good social support, no domestic violence, and no complications during childbirth. Outcome: Postpartum depression. The keywords used in the article search were "postpartum depression" AND "unplanned pregnancy" AND "poor social support" AND "intimate partner violence" AND “delivery complications”. Articles were obtained from several databases including Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct from 2015-2023. Data is processed using the Review Manager Application (RevMan 5.3)
Results: Meta-analysis of 11 cross-sectional studies showed that unplanned pregnancy increased the risk of postpartum depression (aOR= 2.69; 95% CI= 2.30 to 3.16; p= 0.001). Meta-analysis of 11 cross-sectional studies showed that low social support increased the risk of postpartum depression (aOR= 2.35; 95% CI= 1.46 - 3.79; p= 0.004). Meta-analysis of 7 cross-sectional studies showed that partner violence increased the risk of postpartum depression (aOR= 2.82; 95% CI= 1.81 - 4.40; p= 0.001). Meta-analysis of 6 cross-sectional studies showed that complications during delivery increased the risk of postpartum depression (aOR= 2.20; 95% CI= 1.75 to 2.77; p= 0.001).
Conclusion: Unplanned pregnancies, poor social support, partner violence, and complications during childbirth increase the risk of postnatal depression.
Keywords:
unplanned pregnancy, social support, partner violence, postpartum depressionReferences
Biaggi A, Conroy S, Pawlby S, Pariante, CM (2016). Identifying the women at risk of antenatal anxiety and depression: a systematic review. J. Affect. Disord. 191: 62-77. https://doi.or/10.1016/j.jad-.2015.11.014
Khalifa DS, Glavin K, Bjertness E, Lien L (2016). Determinants of postnatal depression in Sudanese women at 3 months postpartum: a cross-sectional study. BMJ. 6(3): 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136-/bmjopen2015009443
Faisal-Cury A, Menezes PR, d’Oliveira AFPL, Schraiber LB, Lopes CS (2013). Temporal relationship between intimate partner violence and postpartum depression in a sample of low income women. Matern Child Health J. 17: 1297-1303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s-109950121127-3
Woody CA, Ferrari AJ, Siskind DJ, Whiteford HA, Harris HG (2017). A systematic review and meta-regression of the prevalence and incidence of perinatal depression. J. Affect. Disord. 219: 86–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.05.00
Abajobir AA, Maravilla JC, Alati R, Najman JM (2016). A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between unintended pregnancy and perinatal depression. J. Affect Disord. 192:56–63 https://10.1016/j.jad.-2015.12.008
Reid KM, Taylor MG (2015). Social support, stress, and maternal postpartum depression: A comparison of supportive relationships. Soc. Sci. Res. 54: 246-262. http://dx.doi.org/10-.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.009
Cho H, Lee K, Choi E, Cho HN, Park B, Suh M, Choi KS (2022). Association between social support and postpartum depression. Sci. Rep. 12(1): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598022-07248-7
Vaezi A, Soojoodi F, Banihashemi AT, Nojomi M (2019). The association between social support and postpartum depression in women: A cross sectional study. Women Birth. 32(2): e238-e242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.womb-i.2018.07.014
Rogathi JJ, Manongi R, Mushi D, Rasch V, Sigala GN, Gammeltoft T, Meyrowitsch DW (2017). Postpartum depression among women who have experienced intimate partner violence: A prospective cohort study at Moshi, Tanzania. J. Affect. Disord. 218: 238-245. http://dx.-doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.04.063
Miura A, Fujiwara T (2017). Intimate partner violence during pregnancy and postpartum depression in Japan: a cross-sectional study. Front. Public Health. 5: 1-7. https://doi.-org/10.3389/fpubh.2017.00081
Huennekens K, Oot A, Lantos E, Yee LM, Feinglass J (2020). Using electronic health record and administrative data to analyze maternal and neonatal delivery complications. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Staf. 46(11): 623-630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jc-jq.2020.08.007
Kjerulff KH, Attanasio LB, Sznajder KK, Brubaker LH (2021). A prospective cohort study of depresi postpartum and maternal-infant bonding after first childbirth. J. Psychosom Res. 144: 1-11. https://doi.org/10.10-16/j.jpsychores.2021.110424
Asaye MM, Muche HA, Zelalem ED (2020). Prevalence and predictors of postpartum depression: Northwest Ethiopia. J. Psychiatry. 2020: 1-9 https://doi.org/10-.1155/2020/9565678
Reid KM, Taylor MG (2015). Social support, stress, and maternal postpartum depression: A comparison of supportive relationships. Soc. Sci. Res. 54: 246-262. https://-doi.org/10.1016/j.ssresearch.2015.08.009
Tikmani SS, Soomro T, Tikmani P (2016). Prevalence and determinants of postpartum depression in a tertiary care hospital. J. Obstet. 3(2): 1-6. Available at: https://ecommons.-aku.edu/pakistan_fhs_mc_chs_chs/366
Lara MA, Navarrete L, Nieto L (2016). Prenatal predictors of postpartum depression and postpartum depres sive symptoms in Mexican mothers: a longitudinal study. Arch Womens Ment Health. 19(5): 825–834. doi: 10.1007/s00737-016-0623-7.
Murti B (2018). Prinsip dan Metode Riset Epidemiologi. Edisi ke 5. Surakarta: Program Studi Ilmu Kesehatan Masyarakat.
Wedajo LF, Alemu SS, Jarso MH (2023). Late postpartum depression and associated factors: community-based cross-sectional study. J. Womens Health. 2023: 1 - 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s-12905-023-02444-7
Azale T, Fekadu A, Hanlon C (2018). Postpartum depressive symptoms in the context of high social adversity and reproductive health threats: a population-based study. Int. J. Ment. Health. Syst. 2018(12): 1-10. https://doi.org-/1.1186/s130330180219-x
Li P, Wang H, Feng J, Chen G, Zhou Z, Guo X (2021). Association between perceived stress and prenatal depressive symptoms: moderating effect of social support. J. of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2021(14): 3195-3204. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S341090
Mahenge B, Stöckl H, Mizinduko M, Mazalale J, Jahn A (2018). Adverse childhood experiences and intimate partner violence during pregnancy and their association to postpartum depression. J. Affect. Disord. 229: 159-163. https://doi.org/-10.1016/j.jad.2017.12.036
Alam MM, Haque T, Uddin KR, Ahmed, S, Islam MM, Hawlader MDH (2021). The prevalence and determinants of postpartum depression (PPD) symptomatology among facility delivered mothers of Dhaka city. Asian J Psychiatr. 62: 102673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2021.1026
