The Effect of Soybean Milk (Glycine Max L.) on Reducing Blood Pressure and Cholesterol Levels in Women of Reproductive Age
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.05.04Abstract
Background: Women of reproductive age often experience problems with blood pressure and cholesterol levels. Therefore, researchers innovated in an effort to stabilize blood pressure and cholesterol levels in women of reproductive age by providing an intervention of soy milk. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of soy milk administration on reducing blood pressure and cholesterol levels in women of reproductive age.
Subjects and Methods: This study used a Quasi-Experimental design with Pretest-Posttest Control. The research location was the Pangaribuan Community Health Center, Pangaribuan District, North Tapanuli Regency. Data collection was conducted in June 2025. The two groups consisted of an intervention group receiving 40 grams of soy milk and a control group receiving education on blood pressure and cholesterol levels. The dependent variables studied were blood pressure and cholesterol levels, and the independent variable was soy milk. The analysis techniques used were Repeated Measures ANOVA and Paired Sample T-Test.
Results: The average systolic blood pressure in the intervention group after being given soy milk was lower (Mean= 133.92; SD= 10.20) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 143.82; SD= 5.48) and was statistically significant (p <0.001), the average diastolic blood pressure in the intervention group after being given soy milk was lower (Mean= 86.88; SD= 5.08) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 92.88; SD= 5.44) and was statistically significant (p <0.001), the average cholesterol level in the intervention group after being given soy milk was lower (Mean= 232.94; SD= 7.56) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 261.24; SD= 13.27) and was statistically significant (p <0.001).
Conclusion: Soy milk is effective in lowering systolic and diastolic blood pressure and cholesterol levels in women of childbearing age.
Keywords:
soybeans, cholesterol, milk, blood pressure, women of reproductive ageReferences
Amalia M (2020). Effect of giving boiled binahong leaves on blood pressure in elderly people studied in RW 004, Sukomulyo Village, Mojowarno, Jombang. Insan Cendekia Medika Health Sciences, Jombang, East Java, Indonesia. Retrieved from: https://repository.itskesicme.ac.id/id/eprint/5359/
Ardiana M (2024). Cardiovascular disease screening in pregnancy (in Indonesian). Surabaya: Airlangga University Press.
BKPK H (2024). The prevalence of hypertension in Indonesia is decreasing (in Indonesian). https://www.badankebijakan.kemkes.go.id/prevalensi-hipertensi-di-indonesia-menurun/
Bratha SDK, Irwan M (2023). The effect of giving soy milk on reducing blood pressure in elderly with hypertension (in Indonesian). Pekalongan: Nasya Exapanding Management.
Erlich MN, Ghidanac D, Mejia SB, Khan TA, Chiavaroli L, Zurbau A, Ayoub-Charette S (2024). A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials of substituting soymilk for cow’s milk and intermediate cardiometabolic outcomes: understanding the impact of dairy alternatives in the transition to plant-based diets on cardiometabolic health. BMC Medicine. 22(1): 336. doi:10.1186/s12916024035247.
Eslami O, Shidfar F (2018). Soy milk: a functional beverage with hypocholesterolemic effects? a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 42: 82-88. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2018.11.001.
Fawwaz M, Natalisnawati A, Baits M (2017). Kadar isoflavon aglikon pada ekstrak susu kedelai dan tempe (Isoflavone aglycone levels in soy milk and tempeh extracts). Industria: Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen Agroindustri. 6(3): 152–158. doi: 10.21776/ub.industria.2017.006.03.6
Fitranti DY, Marthandaru D (2016). Pengaruh susu kedelai dan jahe terhadap kadar kolesterol total pada wanita hiperkolesterolemia (The effect of soy milk and ginger on total cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic women). Indones J Nutr. 4(2): 89–95. doi: 10.14710/jgi.4.2.8995.
Giena VP, Thongpat S, Nitirat P (2018). Predictors of health-promoting behaviour among older adults with hypertension in Indonesia. Int J Nurs Sci. 5(2): 201–205. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2018.04.002.
Hamid MA (2022). Konsumsi susu kedelai dalam menurunkan kolestrol darah pada klien dengan hiperkolesterlemia. Journals of Ners Community. 13(1): 97–105. Retrieved from: https://scholar.archive.org/work/ii6quu6sa5azljlpakky3r2ixi/access/wayback/http://journal.unigres.ac.id/index.php/JNC/article/download/1657/1264.
Kemenkes RI (2019). Hari hipertensi dunia 2019 : “Know your number, kendalikan tekanan darahmu dengan cerdik”. Retrieved from: http://p2ptm.kemkes.go.id/kegiatan-p2ptm/dki-jakarta/hari hipertensi-dunia-2019-know-your-number-kendalikan-tekanan-darahmu-dengan-cerdik.
Lei L, Hui S, Chen Y, Yan H, Yang J, Tong S (2024). Effect of soy isoflavone supplementation on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutr J. 23(1): 32. doi: 10.1186/s12937024009415.
Lestari D (2019). Relationship between calcium and magnesium intake and blood pressure in adulthood. Ilmu Gizi Indonesia. 3(1): 01–12. doi: 10.35842/ilgi.v3i1.112.
Mosallanezhad Z, Mahmoodi M, Ranjbar S, Hosseini R, Clark CCT, Carson CK, Norouzi Z, et al. (2021). Soy intake is associated with lowering blood pressure in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials. Complement Ther Med. 59. doi: 10.1016/j.ctim.2021.102692.
Prawtiwi DE, Widiany FL, Sari PM (2024). Efikasi pemberian susu kacang kedelai hitam (Glycine soja) terhadap kadar kolesterol total lansia. J Nutr College. 13(1): 89–95. doi: 10.14710/jnc.v13i1.39767.
Putri HA, Widyastuti E, Amelia R (2022). Efektivitas Susu Kedelai terhadap Tekanan Darah dan Kolesterol Pada Wanita Menopause, Jurnal Kesehatan Madani Medika. 13(1). doi:10.36569/jmm.v13i1.247.
Ramlal A, Nautiyal A, Baweja P, Kumar V, Mehta S, Mahto RK, Tripathi S, Shanmugam A, Pujari Mallikarjuna B, Raman P, Lal SK, Raju D, Rajendran A (2022). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory peptides and isoflavonoids from soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]. Front Nutr. 9:1068388. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1068388.
Septiani AL, Anwar MC, Santjaka A, (2024). Time of aerobic exercise on mean arterial pressure (AP) in women of reproductive age with hypertension (in Indonesian). J Telenursing. 6(1). DOI: 10.31539/joting.v6i1.9731.
Setyawan FEB (2017). Study on the effect of soy nutrition (Glycine Max) on reducing total cholesterol levels in menopause (in Indonesian). MAGNA MEDICA Berkala Ilmiah Kedokteran dan Kesehatan. 1(4): 33–42. doi: 10.26714/magnamed.1.4.2017.3342
Sohouli MH, Lari A, Fatahi S, Shidfar F, Gaman MA, Guimaraes NS, Sindi GA (2021). Impact of soy milk consumption on cardiometabolic risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J Functional Foods. 83(1). doi: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104499.
Supardi N (2023). Penyuluhan tentang manfaat sari kacang kedelai terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada ibu hamil di Puskesmass Bontomarannu Kabupaten Gowa. Jurnal Pengabdian Ilmu Kesehatan. 3(1): 56–63. doi: 10.55606/jpikes.v3i1.1387.
Susanti AM (2023). Hubungan kadar interleukin 6 (IL-6) dengan Kadar Small Dense-Low Density Lipoprotein (sd-LDL) pada pasien penyakit jantung koroner (PJK). Pekalongan: Nasya Exapanding Management.
Taputkab (2023). Infografis kesehatan di kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun 2022. Retrieved from: https://www.taputkab.go.id/berita/v/infografis-kesehatan-di-tapanuli-utara-tahun-2022.
Triandita N, Putri NE (2019). Peranan kedelai dalam mengendalikan penya-kit degeneratif (The role of soybean in control of degenerative disease). Teknologi Pengolahan Pertanian, 1(1): 6–17. doi: 10.35308/jtpp.v1i1.1478.
Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F, Khan NA, Poulter NR, Prabhakaran D, Ramirez A, et al. (2020). International society of hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines, Hypertension, 75(6): 1334–1357. doi: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.120.15026.
Wening N, Suyatno S, Pradigdo SF (2020). Susu kedelai menurunkan tekanan darah sistolik dan diastolik pada ibu hamil pre-hipertensi (Soy milk lowers systolic and diastolic blood pressure in pre-hypertensive pregnant women). Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat. 8(2): 272–277. doi: 10.14710/jkm.v8i2.26362.
WHO (2023). Global report on hypertension: the race against a silent killer. World Health Organization.
Yulianto A, Tristiningsih T, Fadhilah N (2021). Giving soy milk to reduce blood pressure in hypertension sufferers in Pringkumpul Village, South Pringsewu (in Indonesian). Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan. 10(1): 54–63. DOI:10.52657/jik.v10i1.1318.
Yunawati I, Karimuna K, Rabbani S, Lisnawaty L, Jafriati J (2020). Counseling and blood pressure examination activities in the coastal community of talia, kendari city as an effort to detect hypertension from an early age. Mattawang: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat. 1(2): 79–84. doi: 10.35877/454ri.mattawang171.
