Risk Factors for Prolonged of Hospitalization in Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Pneumonia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/Abstract
Background: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a common malignancy in
children, particularly those aged 2-5 years. Disease-related immunosuppression and
chemotherapy side effects increase the risk of infection. Pneumonia is the foremost
common complication amid chemotherapy in children with ALL. Length of
hospitalization is an indicator of pneumonia severity, but there is insufficient evidence to
determine the risk factors for prolonged of hospitalization in pediatric patients with
ALL. The objective of this study was to analyze the risk factors for prolonged of
hospitalization in pediatric pneumonia patients with ALL.
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 50 pediatric ALL patients
with pneumonia aged 1 month to <18 years. Patients diagnosed with Covid-19,
discharged from the ward at their own request, incomplete medical record
documentation, and those who died during treatment were excluded. Proposed risk
factors for prolonged of hospitalization include neutropenia, anemia, malnutrition, time
of diagnosis, complications, and antibiotic type. Data analysis used chi-square/Fisher
exact test and binary logistic regression.
Result: Most patients were ≥6 years old (64%) with a mean of age 7.4 years, male
(60%), had anemia (74%), and were malnourished (56%). Neutropenia was found in
38% of patients, more than half were in the induction chemotherapy phase, and the
majority were in the high-risk stratification (82%). The mean of hospitalization was
13.94 days. Patients reaching hospital was promptly in most subjects (62%), antibiotics
were used according to WHO standards (72%), the majority had no complications
(96%), and showed positive culture results (86%) with the most common type of
microorganism was Klebsiella pneumoniae (20%).
Conclusion: Nutritional status and duration prior to seeking care were independent
risk factors for prolonged of hospitalization in pediatric patients with pneumonia and
ALL. The predictive power of duration prior to seeking care was more dominant than
nutritional status.
Keywords:
Prolonged of hospitalization, risk factor, pneumonia, ALLHow to Cite
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