Effect of Urinary Tract Infection on Premature Birth: A Meta Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2022.07.05.02Abstract
Background: Neonatal mortality in the world is mostly caused by premature birth (43%), and in Indonesia the biggest cause of neonatal death is premature birth (45%). One of the causes of pregnant women experiencing premature labor, namely urinary tract infections due to changes in the urinary tract system during pregnancy. This study aims to analyze the primary study of the effect of urinary tract infections in pregnant women on preterm delivery with a meta-analysis.
Subjects and Method: This study is a meta-analysis with the following PICO, population: pregnant women. Intervention: Having a urinary tract infection. Comparison: No urinary tract infection. Outcome: Premature delivery. The articles used in this study were obtained from three databases, namely Google Scholar, Pubmed, and Science Direct. Keywords to search for articles (“urinary tract infection” AND “preterm labor” OR “premature birth” OR “premature labor”). The included article is full text in English with a case-control study design from 2006 to 2022 and reports the adjusted odds ratio in a multivariate analysis. The selection of articles is done by using PRISMA flow diagram. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 aplikasi application.
Results: A total of 10 case-control studies from Iran, Iraq, India, Tanzania, Ethiopia, and Peru were selected for the meta-analysis. The data collected showed that pregnant women with urinary tract infections increased the occurrence of preterm labor by 2.19 times compared to pregnant women who did not experience urinary tract infections (aOR= 2.19; 95% CI= 1.80 to 2.66; p<0.001).
Conclusion: Urinary tract infection during pregnancy increases the incidence of preterm labor.
Keywords: urinary tract infection, premature delivery, meta-analysis.
Correspondence: Raras Indung Palupi. Master’s Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: Palupiraras05@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285337540058.
References
Abanto-Bojorquez D, Soto-Tarazona A (2020). Urinary tract infection and threatened preterm delivery in teenage pregnancies of a peruvian hospital. Rev Fac Med Hum. 20(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.25176/rfmh.v20i3.3056.
Al-Dabbagh SA, Al-Taee WY (2006). Risk factors for preterm birth in Iraq. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. 6: 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/14712393613.
Alijahan R, Hazrati S, Mirzarahimi M, Pourfarzi F, Hadi P (2014). Prevalence and risk factors associated with preterm birth in Ardabil, Iran. Iran J Reprod Med. 12(1): 47–56. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24799861.
Cunningham F G, Leveno K J, Bloom S L, Hauth, J C, Rouse DJ, dan Spong C Y (2013). Obstetri William. 2: 369–370. Jakarta: EGC.
Cochrane (2014). RevMan 5.3 User Guide. The Cochrane Collaboration.
D’souza A, Gupta G, Mahindru D, Walia M , Katumalla F, Goyal S (2015). Genitourinary infections as a risk factor for preterm prelabour rupture of membranes: a hospital based case control study. Int J Reprod, Contraception, Obstet, Gynecol. 4(6). http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/23201770.ijrcog20150785.
Fetene G, Tesfaye T, Negesse Y , Dulla D (2022). Factors associated with preterm birth among mothers who gave birth at public Hospitals in Sidama regional state, Southeast Ethiopia: Unmatched case-control study. PLoS ONE 17(4): e0265594. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265594.
Habak P, Robert P. Griggs, Jr (2021). Urinary tract infection in pregnancy. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing.
Heidar NFA, Degheili JA, Yacoubian AA, Khauli RB (2019). Management of urinary tract infection in women: A practical approach for everyday practice. Urol Ann. 11(4): 339-346. https://doi.org/10.4103%2FUA.UA_104_19.
Kaur R, Rajinder Kaur (2020). Symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infections. Postgrad Med J. (1154): 803-812. DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj2020139090.
Loh K, Sivalingam N (2007). Urinary tract infections in pregnancy. Malays Fam Physician. 2(2): 54-70. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmc4170332/.
Mahapula F, Kumpuni K, Mlay J, Mrema T (2016). Risk factors associated with preterm birth in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/thrb.v18i1.4.
Masteryanto H, Gatut Hardianto, Hermanto Tri Joewono, Eko Budi Koendhori (2015). Infeksi saluran kemih sebagai faktor risiko terjadinya ancaman persalinan preterm. Obstetri Ginekologi. 23(2): 75-81. DOI: 10.20473/mog.v23i2.2093.
Mireles A, Jennifer N Walker, Michael Caparon and Scott J Hultgren (2015). Urinary tract infections: epidemiology, mechanisms of infection and treatment options. Nat Rev Microbiol. 13: 269–284. DOI: 10.1038/nrmicro3432.
Murti B (2018). Prinsip dan metode riset epidemiologi (epidemiological research principles and methods). Karanganyar: Bintang Fajar Offset.
WHO (2018). Preterm Birth. Retrieved from: www.who.int. Accessed November 15, 2021.
Rodrigues T, Rocha L, Barros H (2018). Physical abuse during pregnancy and preterm delivery. AM J Obstet Gynecol. 198:1-6.
Sureshbabu R, Aramthottil P, Anil N, Sumathy S, Varughese S, Sreedevi A, Sukumaran S (2021). Risk factors associated with preterm delivery in singleton pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital in South India: A case control study. Int J Womens Health. 13: 369-377. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijwh.s282251.
Soundarajan P, Muthuram P, Veerapandi M, Mariappan R (2016). Retrospective study factors related to preterm birth in Government Raja Mirasudar hospital and obstetric and perinatal outcome. Int J Reprod, Contraception, Obstet, Gynecol. 5(9). http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/23201770.ijrcog20162974.
Temu T, Masenga G, Obure J , Mosha D , Mahande M (2016). Maternal and obstetric risk factors associated with preterm delivery at a referral hospital in northerneastern Tanzania. Asian Pac J Reprod. 5(5): 365-370. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjr.2016.07.009.
SDKI (2017). Laporan pendahuluan survey demografi dan kesehatan Indonesia. in survey demografi dan kesehatan Indonesia 2017. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14710528.2007.01580.x.
Wakeyo D, Addisu Y, and Mareg M (2020). Determinants of Preterm Birth among mothers who gave birth in dilla university referral hospital, Southern Ethiopia. Biomed Res Int. 2020: 7031093. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/7031093.
Zulaikha N, Minata F (2021). Analisa determinan kejadian kelahiran prematur di RSIA Rika Amelia Palembang (Analysis of determinants of premature birth in RSIA Rika Amelia Palembang). Jurnal Kesehatan Saelmakers PERDANA. 4:1. https://doi.org/10.32524/jksp.v4i1.3.
