Effect of Antenatal Care and Postnatal Care on Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice: Meta Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2023.08.06.01Abstract
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that 2 out of 3 babies do not get exclusive breastfeeding and only 41% of babies aged 0-6 months get exclusive breastfeeding. It is believed that ANC and PNC examinations can increase the possibility of mothers to start and maintain exclusive breastfeeding, because mothers will receive information and support about the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding, the importance of giving colostrum, and the right technique for positioning and attachment in breastfeeding. This study aims to analyze the effect of ANC and PNC on the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.
Subjects and Method: This study is a systematic and meta-analysis study, with the following PICO Population = Breastfeeding mothers. Intervention = ANC <4 times and no PNC. Comparison = ANC ≥4 times and PNC. Outcome = Exclusive breastfeeding. The articles used in this study were obtained from several databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Springer Link, Science Direct, and Pro Quest. The keywords used are “ANC and exclusive breastfeeding”, “PNC and exclusive breastfeeding”. The inclusion criteria were full-text article observational study designs. Articles are collected using PRISMA flow diagrams. Articles were analyzed using the Review Manager 5.3 application.
Results: Based on the results of a meta-analysis of 9 primary studies originating from Ethiopia, Tanzania, The Gambia, Saudi Arabia, and Indonesia, it was found that regular ANC, which was 4 times or more, has the possibility of giving exclusive breastfeeding by 1.55 times ANC (aOR=1.55; 95% CI=1.29 to 1.88; p=0.001) and mothers who conduct PNC have the possibility of giving exclusive breastfeeding by 2.43 times (aOR=2.43; 9 5%CI=1.78 to 3.31; p=0.001).
Conclusion: ANC and PNC examinations can improve the practice of exclusive breastfeeding.
Keywords: ANC, PNC, and Exclusive Breastfeeding
Correspondence: Nisia Hari Agusningtyas. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java, Indonesia. Email: harinisia@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282138344620
References
Alshammari MB, Hassan KH (2021). Prevalence and Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice among Mothers of Children Aged 6–24 Months in Hail, Saudi Arabia. Scientifica 2021. doi: 10.1155/2021/2761213.
Asemahagn MA (2016). Determinants of exclusive breastfeeding practices among mothers in Azezo District, Northwest Ethiopia. Int Breastfeed J. 11(1): 1–7. doi: 10.1186/s130060160081x
Awoke, Nefsu, Tiwabwork T, Tesfanesh L (2020). Predictors of Optimal Breastfeeding Practices in Worabe Town, Silte Zone, South Ethiopia. PLoS ONE. 15(4):1–12. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232316.
Gayatri M, Gouranga LD (2020). Predictors of Early Initiation of Breastfeeding in Indonesia: A Population-Based Cross-sectional Survey. PLoS ONE 15(9):1–15. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0239446.
Gayatri M (2021). Exclusive Breastfeeding Practice in Indonesia: A Population-Based Study. Korean J Fam Med. 42(5): 395–402. doi: 10.4082/kjfm.20.0131.
Hussein, Tamara H, Melina M, Johnson K, Jacqueline GU, Damian JD, Babill SP, Sia EM, Margareta W (2019). Exclusive breastfeeding rates and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding practices in Northern Tanzania: Measurement using two different methodologies—24 hours recall and recall since birth. Int J MCH AIDS. 8(1):32–43. doi: 10.21106/ijma.258.
Jebena, Debela D, Mesfin WT (2022). Breastfeeding practice and factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding among mothers in Horro District, Ethiopia: A community-based cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE. 17(4): 1–16. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0267269.
Kelkay, Bayew, Eshetie K, Animut T, Yohannes M (2020). Cessation of exclusive breastfeeding and determining factors at the University of Gondar Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Int J Pediatr. doi: 10.1155/2020/8431953.
Mahmud, Nur U, Tahir AAA, Burhanuddin B, Veni H, Masyita M, Sri S (2019). Determinants of Exclusive Breastfeeding in 6 Months Old Infant in Jeneponto District. Indian J Public Health Res Dev. 10(10):1487–92. doi: 10.5958/09765506.2019.03047.X.
Renuka M, Nayanabai S, Praveen K, Kumar DS, Anup G, Murthy MRN (2020). Effectiveness of educational intervention on breastfeeding among primi pregnant women a longitudinal study. Clin Epidemiol Global Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2020.05.002.
Senghore T, Tobiloba AO, Omar C, Daisy CHW (2018). Predictors of exclusive breastfeeding knowledge and intention to or practice of exclusive breastfeeding among antenatal and postnatal women receiving routine care: A cross-sectional study. Int Breastfeed J. 13(1): 1–8. doi: 10.1186/s1300601801540.
Weldu, Angesom, Ayele B, Mengistu Y (2023). The relationship between postpartum depression and appropriate infant feeding practice in Eastern Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia: A comparative cross-sectional study. Plos One 18(1): e0280141. doi: 10.1371/journal. pone.0280141
