Effectiveness of Lemongrass Gel on Pain Intensity and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Adolescent Girls with Primary Dysmenorrhea
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26911/thejmch.2025.10.06.04Abstract
Background: Primary dysmenorrhea is menstrual pain caused by increased prostaglandins, which cause excessive uterine contractions. This condition is often experienced by adolescent girls and can cause stress and increased cortisol levels. One safe and easy-to-use non-pharmacological treatment is lemongrass gel (Cymbopogon citratus), which contains essential oils such as citral and geraniol, which have analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antispasmodic properties. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of lemongrass gel on pain intensity and salivary cortisol levels in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea.
Subjects and Method: This was a randomized controlled trial. The study location was State Vocational High School 11 of Semarang. Data collection was conducted from June to July 2025. The intervention group was given 2 grams of 5% lemongrass gel twice daily for 3 days, and the control group was given hot cream. The dependent variables studied were pain intensity and salivary cortisol levels, while the independent variables were lemongrass gel and analgesic cream (Hot Cream). The analysis technique used a paired sample t-test.
Results: The mean pain intensity in the intervention group after being given lemongrass gel was lower (Mean= 2.55; SD= 1.15) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 8.30; SD= 1.13) and was statistically significant (p <0.001). The average salivary cortisol level in the intervention group after being given lemongrass gel was lower (Mean= 12.15; SD= 3.30) compared to before the intervention (Mean= 21.91; SD= 8.05) and was statistically significant (p=0.008).
Conclusion: The application of 5% lemongrass gel was proven to be effective in reducing pain intensity and salivary cortisol levels in adolescent girls with primary dysmenorrhea, making it a safe and practical non-pharmacological therapy alternative.
Keywords:
Lemongrass gel, menstrual pain, salivary cortisol levels, female adolescentHow to Cite
References
Aisyaroh N, Hudaya I, Safitri S (2022). Faktor yang menyebabkan dismenorea pada remaja (Factors that cause dysmenorrhea in adolescents). 3(11): 1699-1701. Jurnal Health Sains, 3(11). DOI: 10.46799/jhs.v3i11.677.
Dinas Kesehatan Provinsi Jawa Barat / West Java Provincial Health Office (2023). Laporan Kesehatan Reproduksi 2022 (2022 Reproductive Health Report), https://diskes.jabarprov.go.id/.
Dwimisti LP, Adiwiryo RM, Trimawartinah (2024). Faktof-faktor yang berhubungan dengan keluhan dismenore primer pada remaja siswi SMK Kesehatan Mulia Karya Husada Jakarta Selatan (Factors related to complaints of primary dysmenorrhea in female students at Mulia Karya Husada Health Vocational School, South Jakarta). Jurnal Kesehatan Al-Irsyad, 17(1), p. 2022. DOI: 10.36760/jka.v17i1.233.
Fathiyyah N, Kwarta CP, Imeldawati R, Ganisia A, Kusumawardani LA (2024). Faktor-Faktor yang mempengaruhi dismenore primer terhadap kualitas hidup wanita: tinjauan pustaka (Factors influencing primary dysmenorrhea on women's quality of life: a literature review). Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 4(6): 933–940. DOI: 10.54957/ijhs.v4i6s.1277.
Fauziah S, Rokhmiati E, Purnamasari W, Kamillah S (2024). Hubungan aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian dismenore primer pada remaja putri di SMA Putra Juang Cianjur Tahun 2023 (The relationship between physical activity and the incidence of primary dysmenorrhea in female adolescents at SMA Putra Juang Cianjur in 2023). Jurnal Intelek Dan Cendikiawan Nusantara, 1(5): 6998–7005. https://jicnusantara.com/index.php/jicn/article/view/1191.
Harahap HP, Zuiatna D, Nuriah BA (2024). Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) terhadap Intensitas dismenore pada remaja, (Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) on the intensity of dysmenorrhea in adolescents). Jurnal MIDZ (Midwifery Zigot) Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan, 7(November): 103–110. Available at: DOI: 10.56013/JURNALMIDZ.V7I2.3173
Hawari AA, Triyanti (2023). Riwayat keluarga berhubungan dengan dismenore primer pada mahasiswi S1 Reguler FKM UI tahun 2022 (Family history is related to primary dysmenorrhea in regular undergraduate students of FKM UI in 2022). Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan Soedirman, 7(2), p. 127. DOI: 10.20884/1.jgipas.2023.7.2.7917.
Idaningsih A, Oktarini F (2020). Pengaruh Efektivitas senam dismenore terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri dismenorre pada remaja putri di SMK YPIB Majalengka Kabupaten Majalengka (The effectiveness of dysmenorrhea exercises in reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain in female adolescents at YPIB Majalengka Vocational School, Majalengka Regency). Syntax Literate : Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 5(2): 55–66. https://www.academia.edu/download/74930051/1242.pdf.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia (2024). Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, in, pp. 107–116.
Khotimah H, Lintang SS (2022). Terapi non-farmakologi untuk mengatasi nyeri dismenore pada remaja (Non-pharmacological therapy to overcome dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents). Faletehan Health Journal, 9(3): 343–352. https://journal.lppmstikesfa.ac.id/index.php/FHJ/article/view/499.
Khotimah N, Kusumastuti N, Ayuningtyas A, Wibisono HAYG (2021). Efektifitas effleurage massage aromatherapy lemongrass terhadap tingkat nyeri haid (The effectiveness of lemongrass aromatherapy effleurage massage on menstrual pain levels). Jurnal Citra Keperawatan, 9(2): 96–103. DOI:10.31964/jck.v9i2.202.
Larasati NA (2023). Hubungan tingkat stres dengan keteraturan siklus menstruasi pada remaja (the relationship between stress levels and menstrual cycle regularity in adolescents). Jurnal Riset Kesehatan Masyarakat, 3(2): 71–79. DOI: 10.14710/jrkm.2023.18720.
Maulani RG, Husnah R, Julianawati T, Susan L (2025). Pengaruh pemberian minuman herbal kayu manis (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) untuk penurunan derajat desminorea (The effect of giving cinnamon herbal drink (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) to reduce the degree of dysmenorrhea). Bunda EduMidwifery Journal (BEMJ), 8(1): 423–427. DOI: 10.54100/bemj.v8i1.305.
Mivanda D, Follona W, Aticeh A (2023). Hubungan Tingkat stres dan perilaku konsumsi makanan cepat saji terhadap kejadian dismenore pada remaja putri, Muhammadiyah Journal of Midwifery, 4(1): 34–46. DOI: 10.24853/myjm.4.1.34-46.
Novitaningsih A, Putri ML, Khasanah U, Sunarsih T, Rahmawati D (2024). Pengaruh kompres hangat terhadap nyeri dismenore pada remaja: literature review (The effect of warm compresses on dysmenorrhea pain in adolescents: a literature review). Jurnal Ilmiah Kebidanan Imelda, 10(1): 52–58. DOI: 10.52943/jikebi.v10i1.1388.
Nuralita NS, Annisa N, Yulia A, Syafitri Y (2023). Hubungan efek metabolik dan hormon kortisol terhadap pasien gangguan ansietas yang berobat di Poli Psikiatri RS Madani Medan (The relationship between metabolic effects and the hormone cortisol in patients with anxiety disorders who are treated at the Psychiatry Clinic of Madani Hospital, Medan). Majalah Kedokteran Andalas, 46(6): 886–893. DOI: 10.25077/mka.v46.i6.p886893.2023.
Nurhalimah E, Sutrisno S, Fitriani F (2020). Efektivitas kompres jahe dan kompres serai terhadap penurunan dismenorea di Asrama Putri Universitas An Nuur (The effectiveness of ginger compresses and lemongrass compresses in reducing dysmenorrhea in the An Nuur University Women's Dormitory). The Shine Cahaya Dunia S1 Keperawatan. 5(2): 46–53. DOI: 10.35720/tscs1kep.v5i2.240.
Nuryanti RD, Sopiah P, Rosyda R (2023). Efektivitas kompres hangat pada dismenore remaja perempuan: narative literatur review (Effectiveness of warm compresses on dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls: a narrative literature review). TEKNOSAINS : Jurnal Sains, Teknologi dan Informatika, 10(2), pp. 266–273. DOI: 10.37373/tekno.v10i2.539.
Pujiati E (2024). Tingkat stres terhadap intensitas dismenore primer pada remaja putri: studi cross sectional (Stress level on the intensity of primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls: a cross-sectional study). Jurnal Ilmu Keperawatan dan Kebidanan, 15(1): 110–118. DOI: 10.26751/jikk.v15i1.2190.
Putri I, Safitr, A, Sari R, Puspita S (2025). Hubungan tingkat nyeri dismenore primer dengan aktivitas belajar pada santriwati di Pondok Pesantren Daarul Ahsan Kabupaten Tangerang (The relationship between the level of primary dysmenorrhea pain and learning activities in female students at the Daarul Ahsan Islamic Boarding School, Tangerang Regency). Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 21(5): 25–31. DOI: 10.5455/mnj.v1i2.644.
Rinaldi R, Fauziah F, Zakaria N (2021). Studi formulasi sediaan gel ekstrak etanol serai wangi (Cymbopogon Nardus (L.) Randle) dengan basis HPMC (Formulation study of ethanol extract gel preparation of citronella grass (Cymbopogon Nardus (L.) Randle) with HPMC base). Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Simplisia, 1(1): 33–42. DOI:10.30867/jifs.v1i1.96.
Saragih H, Anda A, Ginting Y, Manek E (2024). Gambaran faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi dismenore pada remaja putri di Asrama Putri Santa Theresia Lisieux Sibolga (Description of factors influencing dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls at the Santa Theresia Lisieux Girls' Dormitory, Sibolga). Jurnal Keperawatan Cikini, 5(2): 292–302. DOI:10.55644/jkc.v5i02.192.
Sidiq SS, Jabeen Q, Jamil QUA, Jan MS, Iqbal I, Saqib F, Aufy MI, et al (2025). Lemongrass alleviates primary dysmenorrhea symptoms by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation and relaxing the uterine muscles, Antioxidants, 14(7): 1–17. DOI: 10.3390/antiox14070838.
Sumiati S, Sakti PM (2022). Atasi dismenore pada remaja dengan terapi komplementer (Treat dysmenorrhea in adolescents with complementary therapy). Lombok: Pusat Pengembangan dan Penelitian Indonesia.
Swandari A (2023). Intervensi fisioterapi pada kasus dismenore (Physiotherapy interventions in cases of dysmenorrhea). Surabaya: UMSurabaya Publishing.
Wahyuni W, Zulfahmi U (2021). Prevalensi dan gambaran karakteristik dismenorea pada remaja (Prevalence and characteristics of dysmenorrhea in adolescents). Griya Widya: Journal of Sexual and Reproductive Health, 1(1): 1–13. DOI: 10.53088/griyawidya.v1i1.104.
Wildayani D, Lestari W, Ningsih W, Listia (2023). Dismenore: asupan zat besi, kalsium dan kebiasaan olahraga (Dysmenorrhea: iron intake, calcium and exercise habits). Padang: Pustaka Galeri Mandiri: 1–71.


